Detection of lipid efflux from foam cell models using a label-free infrared method

Xie, Bowen; Njoroge, Wanjiku; Dowling, Lewis M.; Sulé-Suso, Josep; Cinque, Gianfelice; Yang, Ying

doi:10.1039/d2an01041k

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Although not all studies support an association of PCSK9 expression and COVID-19 severity ( Huang et al, 2021 ; Mester et al, 2023 ), the subcutaneous injection of evolocumab, a monoclonal inhibitory PCSK9 antibody, in patients with severe COVID-19 lowered the need for intubation and death. Although the lowering of circulating LDL-cholesterol levels may reduce cholesterol levels of peripheral cells and monocyte inflammation ( Stiekema et al, 2021 ; Xie et al, 2022 ), the PCSK9 blockade improving COVID-19 outcomes cannot be easily explained by up-regulation of LDL receptor–mediated endocytosis and cellular cholesterol levels, a setting that would rather support COVID-19 infectivity. In fact, PCSK9 blockage reduced serum IL-6 levels, suggesting that lowering of circulating PCSK9 levels reduced inflammation, which may be partly due to increased ACE2 activity, which is associated with higher levels of the anti-inflammatory angiotensin 1–7 ( Essalmani et al, 2023 ; Navarese et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholesterol and COVID-19—therapeutic opportunities at the host/virus interface during cell entry

Grewal,

Nguyen,

Buechler

2024

Life Sci. Alliance

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The rapid development of vaccines to combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections has been critical to reduce the severity of COVID-19. However, the continuous emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 subtypes highlights the need to develop additional approaches that oppose viral infections. Targeting host factors that support virus entry, replication, and propagation provide opportunities to lower SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and improve COVID-19 outcome. This includes cellular cholesterol, which is critical for viral spike proteins to capture the host machinery for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. Once endocytosed, exit of SARS-CoV-2 from the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment occurs in a cholesterol-sensitive manner. In addition, effective release of new viral particles also requires cholesterol. Hence, cholesterol-lowering statins, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 antibodies, and ezetimibe have revealed potential to protect against COVID-19. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of cholesterol exiting late endosomes/lysosomes identified drug candidates, including antifungals, to block SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review describes the multiple roles of cholesterol at the cell surface and endolysosomes for SARS-CoV-2 entry and the potential of drugs targeting cholesterol homeostasis to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and COVID-19 disease severity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholesterol and COVID-19—therapeutic opportunities at the host/virus interface during cell entry

Grewal,

Nguyen,

Buechler

2024

Life Sci. Alliance

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“…It has been used in different types of multivariate data to, among other things, process natural language, 4 aid in tumour identification, 5 explore patterns in music, 6 interpret geological data, 7,8 better understand ancient Egyptian paintings 9 or compare medical treatments. 10 In transcriptomics, t-SNE is considered as a cornerstone for the exploration and interpretation of single-cell RNA sequencing datasets. 3,11 In vibrational spectroscopy, however, according to our experience, the popularity of t-SNE remains limited.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,11 In vibrational spectroscopy, however, according to our experience, the popularity of t-SNE remains limited. t-SNE was used, for example, to explore the patterns in a dataset of Vis-NIR hyperspectral images of different paper types, 12 to reduce the dimension of Near-InfraRed (NIR) datasets of agri-food products before applying a classification method, 13 to differentiate specific human cells measured by infrared microscopy and subjected to different treatments, 10 to verify the feasibility of using NIR Spectroscopy (NIRS) to assess chemical oxygen demand in water systems 14 or to evaluate the significance of the spectral difference between tea categories. 15 t-SNE is a versatile method and is not dedicated to a single use.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use oft‐distributed stochastic neighbour embedding in vibrational spectroscopy

Stevens,

Carrasco,

Baeten

et al. 2024

Journal of Chemometrics

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The t‐distributed stochastic neighbour embedding algorithm or t‐SNE is a non‐linear dimension reduction method used to visualise multivariate data. It enables a high‐dimensional dataset, such as a set of infrared spectra, to be represented on a single, typically two‐dimensional graph, revealing its global and local structure. t‐SNE is very popular in the machine learning community and has been applied in many fields, generally with the aim of visualising large datasets. In vibrational spectroscopy, t‐SNE is gaining notoriety but principal component analysis (PCA) remains by far the reference method for exploratory analysis and dimension reduction. However, t‐SNE may represent a real aid in the analysis of vibrational spectroscopic datasets. It provides an at‐a‐glance global view of the dataset allowing to distinguish the main factors influencing the spectral signal and the hierarchy between these factors, and gives an indication on the possibility of performing predictive modelling. It can also provide great support in the choice of the pre‐processing, by comparing rapidly different general pre‐processing approaches according to their effect on the variable of interest. Here we propose to illustrate these advantages using different datasets. We also propose an approach based on a synergy between the t‐SNE and PCA methods, allowing respective advantages of each to be exploited.

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Detection of lipid efflux from foam cell models using a label-free infrared method

Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases are still among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The build-up of fatty plaques in the arteries, leading to atherosclerosis, is the most common cause of...

Cited by 2 publications

References 56 publications

Cholesterol and COVID-19—therapeutic opportunities at the host/virus interface during cell entry

Cholesterol and COVID-19—therapeutic opportunities at the host/virus interface during cell entry

Use oft‐distributed stochastic neighbour embedding in vibrational spectroscopy

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