Detection of long-lasting antibody to hepatitis E virus in a US traveller to Pakistan

Dawson, G.; Mushahwar, I. K.; Chau, KurtH.; Gitnick, G.L.

doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)91507-5

Cited by 101 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…These data are consistent with findings in the Sargodha outbreak, in which IgG antibody was detected in all patients studied 20 months after illness. 17 IgG anti-HEV was observed more than four years after acute infection of a U.S. traveler to Pakistan 32 and as long as 14 years after clinical hepatitis E. 33 Clinical signs and symptoms caused by this HEV strain were similar to those caused by a different strain in the Sargodha outbreak. 18 One notable difference was that fever was reported by 49% of patients in the Abbottabad outbreak compared with 29% of those hospitalized at Sargodha.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Epidemic of hepatitis E in a military unit in Abbotrabad, Pakistan.

Bryan¹,

Iqbal²,

Tsarev³

et al. 2002

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. An outbreak of hepatitis caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Abbottabad, Pakistan was traced to fecal contamination of a water system. Of 109 men hospitalized with hepatitis, 104 (95%) had serologic evidence of acute hepatitis E (IgM antibody to HEV [anti-HEV]), three (3%) probably had acute hepatitis E (high titers of IgG anti-HEV without IgM), and two had acute hepatitis A. Among a subset of 44 men with acute hepatitis E from whom three serum specimens were obtained over a four-month period, the anti-HEV IgG geometric mean titers (GMTs) decreased from 1,519 during the outbreak to 657 at four months. The IgM anti-HEV was detected in 40 (91%) of 44 sera obtained at admission (GMT ‫ס‬ 533 during acute disease), but in only six (14%) four months later. The prevalence of anti-HEV in this population before the outbreak was estimated to be 30%. The presence of IgG anti-HEV appeared to protect against clinical hepatitis or development of serologic evidence of new infection with HEV. This is the second major epidemic of hepatitis E in the Pakistani military confirmed by an anti-HEV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Evidence that pre-existing antibody as measured by this ELISA protects against disease is important for assessment of vaccine development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Epidemic of hepatitis E in a military unit in Abbotrabad, Pakistan.

Bryan¹,

Iqbal²,

Tsarev³

et al. 2002

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…HEV is transmitted primarily by the fecal-oral route, and has been reported to occur as large waterborne epidemics and small outbreaks. Sporadic cases of HEV infection have also been reported in nonendemic, developed countries, where its occurrence is usually associated with travel to endemic areas (Hino et al 1991;Dawson et al 1992;Herrera, 1993;Ishikawa et al 1995;Donati et al 1997). Recently, accumulating lines of evidence indicate that HEV-associated hepatitis also occurs among individuals in industrialized countries who have no history of travel to endemic areas (Kwo et al 1997;Harrison, 1999;Purcell and Emerson, 2001;Smith, 2001;Okamoto et al 2003;Mansuy et al 2004;Ijaz et al 2005;Mizuo et al 2005;Amon et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Hepatitis E Virus (Hev) in South America: Current Status

Mirazo¹,

Ramos²,

Arbiza³

2012

VR&R

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common causative agent of acute hepatitis in many developing countries where standards of sanitation and hygiene are poor. HEV is transmitted primarily by the fecal-oral route. However, zoonotic trasmission from animal reservoirs to human by consumption of raw or undercooked meat has also been suggested. In endemic areas, HEV infection occurs as large waterborne epidemics and/or small outbreaks. Sporadic cases of HEV infection have also been reported in developed countries, where its occurrence is not always associated with travel to highly endemic areas. HEV mammalian isolates are classifi ed into four genotypes 1-4, which appear to have a specifi c host range and geographical distribution. The epidemiology of HEV in South America seems to be complex and seroprevalence in human and domestic pigs diff ers both among populations within the same countries and between countries. Additionally, HEV strains have been detected and molecularly characterized and genotype 3 is the most frequently genotype found in the region. Moreover, except for two strains isolated from autochthonous cases of acute hepatitis that occurred in Venezuela and belonged to genotype 1, all sequences detected in South America were classifi ed as within genotype 3. Our understanding of HEV epidemiology has undergone major changes in recent years and despite the fact that several attempts to shed light over the epidemiology of this infection have been carried out in South America, data about the molecular characterization of HEV isolates is still lacking and further investigation is needed. This review summarizes the current status of HEV molecular epidemiology from a regional point of view.

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“…The disease generally affects young adults and has a very high mortality rate, up to 20%, in infected pregnant women (1)(2)(3)(4). Hepatitis E has rarely been reported in developed countries, and most of those cases have been imported (1,(4)(5)(6). The causative agent, hepatitis E virus (HEV), is transmitted primarily by the fecal-oral route, often through contaminated water (1,4).…”

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confidence: 99%

A novel virus in swine is closely related to the human hepatitis E virus

Meng

Purcell

Halbur

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,049

1,023

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A novel virus, designated swine hepatitis E virus (swine HEV), was identified in pigs. Swine HEV crossreacts with antibody to the human HEV capsid antigen. Swine HEV is a ubiquitous agent and the majority of swine >3 months of age in herds from the midwestern United States were seropositive. Young pigs naturally infected by swine HEV were clinically normal but had microscopic evidence of hepatitis, and developed viremia prior to seroconversion. The entire ORFs 2 and 3 were amplified by reverse transcription-PCR from sera of naturally infected pigs. The putative capsid gene (ORF2) of swine HEV shared about 79-80% sequence identity at the nucleotide level and 90-92% identity at the amino acid level with human HEV strains. The small ORF3 of swine HEV had 83-85% nucleotide sequence identity and 77-82% amino acid identity with human HEV strains. Phylogenetic analyses showed that swine HEV is closely related to, but distinct from, human HEV strains. The discovery of swine HEV not only has implications for HEV vaccine development, diagnosis, and biology, but also raises a potential public health concern for zoonosis or xenozoonosis following xenotransplantation with pig organs.

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Detection of long-lasting antibody to hepatitis E virus in a US traveller to Pakistan

Cited by 101 publications

References 4 publications

Epidemic of hepatitis E in a military unit in Abbotrabad, Pakistan.

Epidemic of hepatitis E in a military unit in Abbotrabad, Pakistan.

Molecular Epidemiology of Hepatitis E Virus (Hev) in South America: Current Status

A novel virus in swine is closely related to the human hepatitis E virus

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