Detection of &lt;I&gt;Francisella tularensis&lt;/I&gt; in Alaskan Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and Assessment of a Laboratory Model for Transmission

Triebenbach, Alison N.; Vogl, Sigrid J.; Lotspeich-Cole, Leda; Sikes, Derek S.; Happ, George M.; Hueffer, Karsten

doi:10.1603/me09192

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Neither the study by Thelaus et al or Triebenbach et al could show transmission of the bacteria from infected mosquitoes to uninfected mammal hosts. They also agree that there is no evidence for active replication of the bacterium within the mosquitoes [68,69]. There have been relatively few studies investigating the prevalence of F. tularensis in mosquitoes (Table 4).…”

Section: Mosquitoesmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…When uninfected mosquitoes fed on infected mice they were able to acquire the bacteria. In contrast, laboratory experiments by Triebenbach et al [69], infecting larvae from A. aegypti and Anopheles gambiae with F. tularensis subsp. novicida concluded that there was no evidence of transstadial transmission, that mosquitoes were unable to acquire the bacteria during a blood meal and that infected mosquitoes were not able to transmit the bacteria during a blood meal.…”

Section: Mosquitoesmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Rydén and colleagues [92] recently reported a significant correlation between mosquito abundance and human cases of tularemia. At present, transmission of F. tularensis Tularemia in Europe in a one-health contextfrom infected mosquitos has not been proven since it has not been shown experimentally [68,69]. However, Thelaus et al [68] suggest that the transmission from infected mosquitoes occurs at a very low frequency and therefore could not be detected in their experiment.…”

Section: Eco-epidemiology Of Tularemiamentioning

confidence: 95%

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The status of tularemia in Europe in a one-health context: a review

et al. 2014

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SUMMARYThe bacterium Francisella tularensis causes the vector-borne zoonotic disease tularemia, and may infect a wide range of hosts including invertebrates, mammals and birds. Transmission to humans occurs through contact with infected animals or contaminated environments, or through arthropod vectors. Tularemia has a broad geographical distribution, and there is evidence which suggests local emergence or re-emergence of this disease in Europe. This review was developed to provide an update on the geographical distribution of F. tularensis in humans, wildlife, domestic animals and vector species, to identify potential public health hazards, and to characterize the epidemiology of tularemia in Europe. Information was collated on cases in humans, domestic animals and wildlife, and on reports of detection of the bacterium in arthropod vectors, from 38 European countries for the period 1992-2012. Multiple international databases on human and animal health were consulted, as well as published reports in the literature. Tularemia is a disease of complex epidemiology that is challenging to understand and therefore to control. Many aspects of this disease remain poorly understood. Better understanding is needed of the epidemiological role of animal hosts, potential vectors, mechanisms of maintenance in the different ecosystems, and routes of transmission of the disease.

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Section: Mosquitoesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Mosquitoesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Eco-epidemiology Of Tularemiamentioning

confidence: 95%

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The status of tularemia in Europe in a one-health context: a review

et al. 2014

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“…In particular, tularemia cases in Europe are mainly concentrated in Germany, Sweden, British Columbia, Norway and France 4,20,21 . Other cases are reported in Japan, Alaska, Sudan and Turkey [22][23][24] . Currently, outbreaks caused by F. tularensis are generally rare and sporadic as the spread and incidence of the disease has been steadily decreasing 25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Organs of BALB/c mice can be injured in course of tularemia

Pavliš¹,

Kusakova²,

Novotný³

et al. 2014

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

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Background. Francisella tularensis is a biological agent exploitable for bioterrorism and biological warfare purposes due to serious pathogenic progression and easy dissemination. Despite intensive research in the past, some adverse consequences remain unclear. One consequence of this pathogen is oxidative stress. Aims. The aim of this study was to undertake ex vivo assays for monitoring the disease in mice and increase our knowledge of the oxidative stress induced by tularemia. Methods. The mouse BALB/c model was chosen and the animals were infected by a dose 10 4 CFU of F. tularensis. After five days, the animals were euthanized. Blood immediately processed in plasma, spleen and liver were sampled from the cadavers. Oxidative stress markers, cytokines and histopathological were undertaken.Results. There was a significant link between oxidative stress and tularemia. Particularly elevated levels of malondialdehyde and decreased levels of low molecular weight antioxidants were found in the liver and spleen of tularemia-infected animals. The histopathological findings correlated well with the oxidative stress markers. The liver and spleen were proven to be significantly at risk from the disease and an association between stress and neutrophils in the affected organs was found. The histopathology excluded risk to other organs such as the kidney and or heart. Conclusions. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in tularemia infection in mice and this was confirmed by the histology.

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“…F. tularensis infects a wide range of hosts, which includes humans, but predominately infects small mammals such as rabbits, voles, and squirrels (24). F. tularensis has been isolated from arthropod vectors such as ticks (29,34), mosquitoes (28,43), and deerflies (24), which are also a source of transmission to humans (5,6). Additional modes of transmission to humans include contact with infected animals (30,31,36), ingestion of contaminated food or water (23,25), and inhalation of aerosolized bacteria (37,42).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Francisella tularensis RipA Protein Topology and Identification of Functional Domains

et al. 2012

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Francisella tularensis is a Gram-negative coccobacillus and is the etiological agent of the disease tularemia. Expression of the cytoplasmic membrane protein RipA is required for Francisella replication within macrophages and other cell types; however, the function of this protein remains unknown. RipA is conserved among all sequenced Francisella species, and RipA-like proteins are present in a number of individual strains of a wide variety of species scattered throughout the prokaryotic kingdom. Crosslinking studies revealed that RipA forms homoligomers. Using a panel of RipA-green fluorescent protein and RipA-PhoA fusion constructs, we determined that RipA has a unique topology within the cytoplasmic membrane, with the N and C termini in the cytoplasm and periplasm, respectively. RipA has two significant cytoplasmic domains, one composed roughly of amino acids 1 to 50 and the second flanked by the second and third transmembrane domains and comprising amino acids 104 to 152. RipA functional domains were identified by measuring the effects of deletion mutations, amino acid substitution mutations, and spontaneously arising intragenic suppressor mutations on intracellular replication, induction of interleukin-1␤ (IL-1␤) secretion by infected macrophages, and oligomer formation. Results from these experiments demonstrated that each of the cytoplasmic domains and specific amino acids within these domains are required for RipA function.

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Detection of <I>Francisella tularensis</I> in Alaskan Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and Assessment of a Laboratory Model for Transmission

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

The status of tularemia in Europe in a one-health context: a review

The status of tularemia in Europe in a one-health context: a review

Organs of BALB/c mice can be injured in course of tularemia

Francisella tularensis RipA Protein Topology and Identification of Functional Domains

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