Detection of &lt;i&gt;Mycobacterium tuberculosis&lt;/i&gt; complex antibodies in free-ranged wild boar and wild macaques in selected districts in Selangor and reevaluation of tuberculosis serodetection in captive Asian elephants in Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia

Lekko, Yusuf Madaki; Che-Amat, Azlan; Ooi, Peck Toung; Omar, Sharina; Mohd-Hamdan, Dhabitah Tatiyana; Linazah, Liya Syahila; Zakaria, Zakirawaranis; Ramanoon, Siti Zubaidah; Mazlan, Mazlina; Jesse, Faez Firdaus Abdullah; Abdul-Razak, Mohd Firdaus Ariff; Sabri, Jasni; Abdul-Hamid, Norhamizah

doi:10.1292/jvms.21-0144

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Wild boars are known to contribute to the epidemiology of animal TB in some areas. Serology has been implemented for screening and diagnosis in wild boars and feral pigs due to relaxed procedures and quicker diagnostic outcomes (Lekko et al 2021).…”

Section: Malaysiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Zoonotic Tuberculosis and its Implications in Asia

2023

IJAB

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a gram-positive bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB) in human is still a serious global health concern, especially in Asia where 22 high burden countries are responsible for 80% of the world's TB cases. There are more than 150 known species of M. tuberculosis. Due to its virulence, it is the world's second most infectious cause of mortality. Furthermore, it has a high contribution to the overall disease burden. Causative agent of TB in animals is Mycobacterium bovis which is responsible for zoonotic tuberculosis in humans. The death rates resulting from these mycobacterial infections are impacted by various factors, including insufficient healthcare infrastructure, socioeconomic inequality, a dense population, and co-infection. The tendency of these mycobacteria to escape host immune responses and establish persistent infections is one of the virulence factors that contributes to the severity of tuberculosis. India has a highest 21% of TB infections in overall prevalence in Asia following China has 14%, Indonesia 6%, Nigeria 5%, Bangladesh 4%, Pakistan 3%, other 13 high burden countries for TB contribute 16%, while rest of the world contributes 20%. The early detection, directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS), and vaccination programs such as Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) have been the primary control methods in Asian countries. However, obstacles like multi-drug resistant (MDR) and dense populations have made these approaches less successful. To control and completely eradicate the disease in future top priority should be given to providing access to high-quality care, upgrading the healthcare system, and tackling socioeconomic factors that contribute to tuberculosis, such as hunger and poverty. To effectively eradicate tuberculosis in Asia and globally, cross border collaboration including cooperation between governments, international organizations, and research institutes is essential.

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Section: Malaysiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Zoonotic Tuberculosis and its Implications in Asia

2023

IJAB

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“…In 2016, the WHO estimated there were 147,000 new cases of objective can be challenging due to the presence of wildlife reservoirs (Arnot & Michel, 2020;Lekko et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently in 2017, the WHO, FAO and OIE created a Roadmap for Zoonotic TB ( https://theunion.org/sites/default/files/2020‐08/Roadmap‐for‐zoonotic‐tuberculosis.pdf ), which recommended that the risk of transmission of zoonotic TB from animals to people should be quantified and efforts implemented to reduce livestock and wildlife reservoirs of M. bovis infection. Although many countries have made significant advances in the control and eradication of TB and bovine tuberculosis (bTB) over the last few decades, this objective can be challenging due to the presence of wildlife reservoirs (Arnot & Michel, 2020 ; Lekko et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An outbreak of tuberculosis in endangered northern pig‐tailed macaques (Macaca leonina) and milu deer (Elaphurus davidianus) from a zoo in China

Chen

Yan

Gao³

et al. 2023

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic disease that affects humans and domesticated and wild animals. Animals in zoos are potentially an important source of TB for humans; however they are often neglected in routine disease surveillance programs. This investigation reports an outbreak of TB in milu deer and northern pig‐tailed macaques in a zoo in Wuhan, China, which highlighted the need for improved prevention and control of TB in China. Methods Between 24 November and 9 December 2020 two milu deer and a northern pig‐tailed macaque that were displaying signs of wasting died. Post‐mortem, histopathological diagnosis and acid fast staining were used for the dead animals. Multiple PCR for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) was performed to identify the bacterial in both milu deer and northern pig‐tailed macaque. The serum antibody iELISA for MTBC was then performed for all the surviving milu deer and northern pig‐tailed macaques. Six seropositive milu deer and a seropositive northern pig‐tailed macaque were subsequently euthanised and, along with two other dead milu deer, necropsied. DNA from these tissue samples was extracted and detected MTBC using PCR and Real‐time PCR. Subsequently bacterial isolation was used to confirm the infection. Results The lungs of the dead animals displayed gross and histological TB‐like lesions and changes, and red staining bacilli were detected in smears of the lesions by microscopy after acid fast staining. Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) was detected in the two milu deer and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) in the northern pig‐tailed macaque using multiple PCR for MTBC. 35.3% surviving milu deer and 50% surviving northern pig‐tailed macaques MTBC serologically positive. Six of the euthanised milu deer were also positive on a DNA test for M. bovis and the euthanised northern pig‐tailed macaque was positive to M. tb. Conclusions This is the first report of tuberculosis in the endangered species, milu deer and northern pig‐tailed macaques, in China, and warrants urgent attention by researchers and conservation authorities. These cases highlight the need for expanding surveillance for MTBC to zoos in China.

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Emerging zoonotic diseases in Southeast Asia in the period 2011–2022: a systematic literature review

Nguyen,

Mai,

Dang-Xuan

et al. 2024

Veterinary Quarterly

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As COVID-19 has shown, pandemics and outbreaks of emerging infections such as Zika, Nipah, monkeypox and antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, especially emerging zoonotic diseases, continue to occur and may even be increasing in Southeast Asia. In addition, these infections often result from environmental changes and human behaviour. Overall, public health surveillance to identify gaps in the literature and early warning signs are essential in this region. A systematic review investigated the prevalence of emerging zoonotic diseases over 11 years from 2011 to 2022 in Southeast Asia to understand the status of emerging zoonotic diseases, as well as to provide necessary actions for disease control and prevention in the region. During the 2011–2022 period, studies on pigs, poultry, ruminants, companion animals and wildlife in Southeast Asia were reviewed thoroughly to assess the quality of reporting items for inclusion in the systematic review. The review was performed on 26 studies of pigs, 6 studies of poultry, 21 studies of ruminants, 28 studies of companion animals and 25 studies of wildlife in Southeast Asia, which provide a snapshot of the prevalence of the emerging zoonotic disease across the country. The findings from the review showed that emerging zoonotic diseases were prevalent across the region and identified a few zoonotic diseases associated with poultry, mainly stemming from Cambodia and Vietnam, as high priority in Southeast Asia. Clinical relevance : Appropriate prevention and control measures should be taken to mitigate the emerging zoonotic diseases in Southeast Asia.

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Detection of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex antibodies in free-ranged wild boar and wild macaques in selected districts in Selangor and reevaluation of tuberculosis serodetection in captive Asian elephants in Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Epidemiology of Zoonotic Tuberculosis and its Implications in Asia

Epidemiology of Zoonotic Tuberculosis and its Implications in Asia

An outbreak of tuberculosis in endangered northern pig‐tailed macaques (Macaca leonina) and milu deer (Elaphurus davidianus) from a zoo in China

Emerging zoonotic diseases in Southeast Asia in the period 2011–2022: a systematic literature review

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