Detection of Melanoma Relapse: First Comparative Analysis on Imaging Techniques versus S100 Protein

Beyeler, Mirjam; Waldispühl, Severa; Strobel, Klaus; Joller‐Jemelka, H. I.; Burg, Günter; Dummer, Reinhard

doi:10.1159/000095034

Cited by 39 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The specific markers S100A1B and S100BB showed a relatively low risk of death when the assayed values were below the cutoff level (as was the case with S100). The prognostic value of serum S100B in malignant melanoma has also been demonstrated in other studies [12,29,30], and Martenson et al [7] concluded that S100B protein in serum is an independent prognostic marker in clinical stages II and III. Elevated intratumoral levels of S100B have been detected in malignant melanoma [31], and an inverse relationship between S100B expression and duration of survival has been found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

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Serological and immunohistochemical analysis of S100 and new derivatives as markers for prognosis in patients with malignant melanoma

Bolander¹,

Agnarsdóttir

Wagenius³

et al. 2008

Melanoma Research

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The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma is rising, and tumour markers are attracting attention as a possible alternative to clinical examination in the follow-up situation. S100 is the preferred marker for malignant melanoma, and correlation between serum S100 and disease relapse and survival has been reported. S100 tests previously used in clinical studies were specified poorly regarding reactivity with S100A1B and S100BB. In this study, a newly designed S100 assay (designed to measure exclusively S100A1B and S100BB) and two newly developed serological assays, S100A1B, and S100BB, were investigated postoperatively in patients undergoing radical surgery for cutaneous malignant melanoma. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis of S100A4 was performed on the primary malignant melanoma using tissue microarrays. The primary aim of the study was to investigate whether any of these assays, either singly or in combination, can contribute additional information concerning increased risk of relapse and death because of malignant melanoma. In total, 98 patients (54 males, 44 females) with malignant melanoma were included in the study. As a continuous variable, S100BB (P=0.016) was associated statistically with increased risk of relapse; this was not the case for increased values of either S100 (P=0.11) or S100A1B (P=0.92). The Kaplan-Meier overall survival as well as disease specific survival curve for the S100 serum level demonstrated a statistically significant association with better survival if the patient had a S100 level

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Work from other groups has also shown that a rising level of serum S100 is a specific and sensitive marker of melanoma progression [29,30]. In contrast, Acland et al [31] demonstrated that serum S100 concentrations do not predict the presence of micrometastatic melanoma in sentinel nodes in primary cutaneous melanoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological and immunohistochemical analysis of S100 and new derivatives as markers for prognosis in patients with malignant melanoma

Bolander¹,

Agnarsdóttir

Wagenius³

et al. 2008

Melanoma Research

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“…In contrast, several other authors revealed that S-100B is an appropriate marker in advanced metastatic melanoma, too, and superior to LDH serum concentration [11,[20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective monitoring of adjuvant treatment in high-risk melanoma patients: lactate dehydrogenase and protein S-100B as indicators of relapse

et al. 2009

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At present there is no international consensus on laboratory testing during the follow-up of melanoma patients. We carried out a prospective monitoring study on the usefulness of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and protein S-100B assessment in high-risk melanoma patients. Ninety-seven patients treated within prospective randomized trials on the adjuvant treatment of melanoma received quarterly clinical visits and blood examinations. During the median observation period of 30 months disease progression was observed in 52 of 97 patients (53.1%). The clinical course of melanoma was correlated to elevated LDH and S-100B serum concentrations. The comparative analysis revealed that (i) neither LDH nor S-100B were indicators of in-transit metastases, (ii) clinically apparent lymph nodes were rarely detected because of elevated S-100B (29.4%) or LDH (11.8%) only, and (iii) the S-100B assessment was superior to LDH in the identification of early distant metastasis (53.8 vs. 23.1%; P=0.008). The rate of false-positive (elevated) LDH-serum levels and S-100B-serum levels in clinically disease-free melanoma patients did not differ significantly (S-100B 1.9% vs. LDH 1.6%). Our data indicate that only protein S-100B might be used as a highly specific and relatively sensitive marker of early distant metastasis. Both markers, LDH and S-100B, are not able to identify loco-regional metastases with a low tumor load in high-risk melanoma patients.

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“…Elevation of S100 protein may even present as a first sign of the progressing disease [10]. False-negative results may occur, however, especially in MUP patients and in those with amelanotic melanoma metastases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S100 serum levels are known to be elevated in patients with disseminated melanoma [6,7,8,9]. Elevation in serum S100 protein levels appears to be the first sign of melanoma progression and thus enables an earlier detection of distant metastases [10,11,12,13,14]. Furthermore, measuring S100 protein is useful in monitoring success of chemotherapy in stage IV disease [15, 16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baseline Staging of Melanoma with Unknown Primary Site: The Value of Serum S100 Protein and Positron Emission Tomography

et al. 2008

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Background: Baseline staging is important in all melanoma types, including melanoma with unknown primary site (MUP). Staging includes different examination strategies, each with different accuracy. Objective: To determine the value of serum S100 protein levels and positron emission tomography (PET) in the baseline staging of MUP. Methods: Twenty patients with MUP were evaluable for the analysis between 1996 and 2007 with both S100 assessment and PET performed for baseline staging. Results: Serum S100 was elevated in 7 patients (35%). The PET scan detected the metastases in 6 of 7 patients with elevated serum S100 protein showing a strong correlation (p = 0.005). Patients with metastases had significantly higher serum S100 levels (p = 0.01) than the ones without. Serum S100 protein was shown to be discriminative between patients with and without metastases (receiver-operating characteristic, p = 0.012) with 75% sensitivity and 92% specificity. Conclusion: Serum S100 protein appears to be a sensitive as well as specific marker to detect metastases. We therefore might recommend serum S100 assessment to be included in the baseline staging of MUP.

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Detection of Melanoma Relapse: First Comparative Analysis on Imaging Techniques versus S100 Protein

Cited by 39 publications

References 45 publications

Serological and immunohistochemical analysis of S100 and new derivatives as markers for prognosis in patients with malignant melanoma

Serological and immunohistochemical analysis of S100 and new derivatives as markers for prognosis in patients with malignant melanoma

Prospective monitoring of adjuvant treatment in high-risk melanoma patients: lactate dehydrogenase and protein S-100B as indicators of relapse

Baseline Staging of Melanoma with Unknown Primary Site: The Value of Serum S100 Protein and Positron Emission Tomography

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