Detection of microbial concentration in ice-cream using the impedance technique

Grossi, Marco; Lanzoni, M.; Pompei, Anna; Lazzarini, R.; Matteuzzi, Diego; Riccò, B.

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2008.01.032

Cited by 39 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Grossi et al (2008) showed that the total bacterial concentration in ice cream samples can be measured with good accuracy (compared with the PCT) and without any enriching medium at T = 39 • C, provided the system is suitably calibrated for products of different composition. The same authors obtained good results with samples of raw milk (Grossi et al, 2011b) (correlation R 2 = 0.728 at T = 18 • C); beer (Pompei et al, 2012), where the lactobacilli concentration was measured at T = 35 • C by diluting the sample in 3 % yeast extract; and brackish waters (Mancuso et al, 2016).…”

Section: Impedance Microbiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for biological analysis and food characterization: a review

Grossi

Riccò

2017

J. Sens. Sens. Syst.

311

160

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Abstract. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), in which a sinusoidal test voltage or current is applied to the sample under test to measure its impedance over a suitable frequency range, is a powerful technique to investigate the electrical properties of a large variety of materials. In practice, the measured impedance spectra, usually fitted with an equivalent electrical model, represent an electrical fingerprint of the sample providing an insight into its properties and behavior. EIS is used in a broad range of applications as a quick and easily automated technique to characterize solid, liquid, semiliquid, organic as well as inorganic materials. This paper presents an updated review of EIS main implementations and applications.

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Section: Impedance Microbiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for biological analysis and food characterization: a review

Grossi

Riccò

2017

J. Sens. Sens. Syst.

311

160

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“…When such a condition is reached, both the Z components begin to decrease. As pointed out in (Grossi et al, 2008) …”

Section: Microbial Concentration Is Traditionally Measured By Means Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 (c), where R i and C i represent the resistive and capacitive components of the double layer interface, respectively, while R m and C m are the corresponding components of the tested media (bulk electrolyte). However, when the frequency of the applied test signal is low enough (< 1 MHz) (Grossi et al, 2008), C m can be neglected and the equivalent circuit is simply reduced to the series of a resistance (R s ) and a capacitance (C s ), as anticipated in the introduction.…”

Section: Incubation Chambermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As discussed elsewhere (Grossi et al, 2008(Grossi et al, , 2009, the system composed by the SUT and a couple of electrodes stimulated with a low frequency sinusoidal voltage can be modeled by means of the series of a resistance (accounting for the conductivity of the medium and of the electrode/electrolyte interface) and a capacitance (due to the double layer present at the electrode/electrolyte interface).…”

Section: Microbial Concentration Is Traditionally Measured By Means Omentioning

confidence: 99%

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An embedded portable biosensor system for bacterial concentration detection

Grossi

Lanzoni

Pompei

et al. 2010

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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Microbial screening is a primary concern for many products. Traditional techniques based on standard plate counts (SPC) are accurate, but time consuming. Furthermore, they require a laboratory environment and qualified personnel. The Impedance Technique (IT) looking for changes in the electrical characteristics of the Sample Under Test (SUT) induced by bacterial metabolism represents an interesting alternative to SPC since it is faster (3-12 hours vs 24-72 hours for SPC) and can be easily implemented in automatic form. With this approach, the essential parameter is the time for bacteria concentration to reach a critical threshold value (about 10 7 cfu•mL -1 ) capable of inducing significant variations in the SUT impedance, measured by applying a 100 mV peak to peak 200 Hz sinusoidal test signal at time intervals of 5 minutes. The results of this work show good correlation between data obtained with the SPC approach and with impedance measurements lasting only 3 hours, in the case of highly contaminated samples (10 6 cfu•mL -1 ).Furthermore, this work introduces a portable system for impedance measurements composed of an incubation chamber containing the SUT, a thermoregulation board to control the target temperature and an impedance measurement board. The mix of cheap electronics and fast detection time provides a useful tool for microbial screening in industrial and commercial environments.

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“…Recently, IS has been used for nondestructive monitoring in different areas of food processing and analysis, for instance: estimation of meat maturation states [7,8]; determination of the origin of unifloral honeys [9]; assessment of the quality of fruits [10]; detection of microbial concentration in ice-cream [11]; controlling ice-cream freezing [12]. These examples all have in common that macroscopic sample volumes were examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Impedance Spectroscopy: A Potential Tool to Characterize the Evolution of Emulsions and Foams

Held¹,

Schwaller²,

Vaihinger³

et al. 2017

JFSE

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Abstract:The potential of local impedance spectroscopy (IS) to access changes in emulsions and foams has been investigated. As test systems we used the separation of a simple oil/vinegar mixture as well as the whipping process of dairy cream. For the latter, IS data were compared to particle size distribution (PSD) measurements. Our measurements show that local IS is indeed a valuable tool to locally study processes in emulsion. On one hand, it seems to be very sensitive to small water quantities in oil thus being a suitable method for process control in water removing processes. On the other hand, concerning fat foams, it seems to be able to detect the evolution of foam structures. Both examples show that local IS could be a helpful tool for process control.

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Detection of microbial concentration in ice-cream using the impedance technique

Cited by 39 publications

References 16 publications

Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for biological analysis and food characterization: a review

Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for biological analysis and food characterization: a review

An embedded portable biosensor system for bacterial concentration detection

Local Impedance Spectroscopy: A Potential Tool to Characterize the Evolution of Emulsions and Foams

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