Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Buccal Swab Specimens in Children with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Using Cartridge-based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test

Bhatia, Rakesh; Dayal, Rajeshwar; Kumar, Pankaj; Goyal, Ankur; Pipariya, Divya; Nayak, Madhu; Bhatnagar, Shailendra; Agarwal, Dipti

doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10081-1260

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…PW specimens are typically collected from areas where MTBC bacteria are most likely to be present in cases of pulmonary TB. On the other hand, BS specimens are oral sampling and one of the common sites of MTBC shedding, making it a likely less invasive specimen collection method, and it has shown promising results 11 , 30 , 31 . The current data highlights the sensitivity and efficacy of PW samples compared to BS samples using the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra test, as evidenced by the definitive identification of tuberculosis infection in three of five positive cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing tuberculosis diagnosis and management in cynomolgus macaques using Xpert MTB/RIF ultra assay

Srilohasin,

Warit,

Prammananan

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The detection and management of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) infection, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), in macaques, including cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), are of significant concern in research and regions where macaques coexist with humans or other animals. This study explored the utility of the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay, a widely adopted molecular diagnostic tool to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) in humans, to detect DNA from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in clinical samples obtained from cynomolgus macaques. This investigation involved a comprehensive comparative analysis, integrating established conventional diagnostic methodologies, assessing oropharyngeal-tracheal wash (PW) and buccal swab (BS) specimen types, and follow-up assessments at 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month intervals. Our results demonstrated that the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay was able to detect MTBC in 12 of 316 clinical samples obtained from cynomolgus macaques, presenting a potential advantage over bacterial culture and chest radiographs. The Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay exhibited exceptional sensitivity (100%) at the animal level, successfully detecting all macaques positive for M. tuberculosis as confirmed by traditional culture methods. The use of PW samples revealed that 5 positive samples from 99 (5.1%) were recommended for testing, compared to 0 samples from 99 buccal swab (BS) samples (0.0%). In particular, the definitive diagnosis of TB was confirmed in three deceased macaques by MTB culture, which detected the presence of the bacterium in tissue autopsy. Our findings demonstrate that the implementation of the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay, along with prompt isolation measures, effectively reduced active TB cases among cynomolgus macaques over a 12-month period. These findings highlight the advance of the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay in TB diagnosis and its crucial role in preventing potential outbreaks in cynomolgus macaques. With its rapidity, high sensitivity, and specificity, the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay can be highly suitable for use in reference laboratories to confirm TB disease and effectively interrupt TB transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%