Detection of nanoparticles released at finishing of dental composite materials

Bradna, Pavel; Ondráčková, Lucie; Ždı́mal, Vladimı́r; Navrátil, Tomáš; Pelclová, Daniela

doi:10.1007/s00706-016-1912-6

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Thus, the nano‐fraction corresponds to a concentration of 0.0004–0.0013% (w/w) of the total dust. This order of magnitude is confirmed by data from Bradna et al …”

Section: Nanoparticles In/from Dental Materials – Risk Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 78%

Scientific update on nanoparticles in dentistry

Schmalz

Hickel

Landuyt

et al. 2018

International Dental Journal

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Nanoparticles having a size from 1 to 100 nm are present in nature and are successfully used in many products of daily life. In dental materials, nanoparticles are typically embedded but they may also exist as by-products from milling processes. Possible adverse effects of nanoparticles have gained increased interest, with the lungs being the main target organ. Exposure to nanoparticles in the dental laboratory is addressed by legal regulations. In dental practice, nanoparticles are mainly produced by intra-oral grinding/polishing and removal of materials, by wear of restorations or release from dental implants. Based on worst-case mass-based calculations, the additional risk as a result of exposure to nanoparticles is considered to be low. However, more research is needed, especially on vulnerable groups (patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). An assessment of risks for the environment is not possible because of lack of data. Exposure-reduction measures mainly include avoidance of abrasive processes (for example, by proper sculpturing), cooling by the use of water spray and sufficient ventilation of treatment areas.

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“…Thus, the nano‐fraction corresponds to a concentration of 0.0004–0.0013% (w/w) of the total dust. This order of magnitude is confirmed by data from Bradna et al …”

Section: Nanoparticles In/from Dental Materials – Risk Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 78%

Scientific update on nanoparticles in dentistry

Schmalz

Hickel

Landuyt

et al. 2018

International Dental Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A total of 375 papers were initially retrieved after application of all search strategies across the array of the databases. After duplicate removal and screening per title and abstract, 18 articles were left for full text assessment, while 13 studies were eligible for inclusion in the qualitative synthesis [1,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Of those, 5 contributed to meta-analyses across different comparisons and outcomes [1,23,25,26,31].…”

Section: Search Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies included cover a period of 17 years, from 2003 and on, with the majority of the studies being published the last decade (9/13; 69%), while 7 of those studies have appeared in the literature over the last 5 years (7/13; 53.8%). Study design was predominantly in vitro, pertaining to laboratory studies simulating clinical conditions for composite grinding [1,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][29][30][31]. One RCT was identified [32] as well as one small cohort study [28].…”

Section: Study Design and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five of the included studies were designed to assess composite dust generated in conditions of enamel clean-up after orthodontic fixed appliances removal [22,[27][28][29]32], while the rest reported on grinding composite blocks or sticks in the lab, simulating restorative dental procedures [1,21,[23][24][25][26]30,31]. The latter mainly pertained to the comparison of different types of composites based on the filler particles of each and were mainly represented by nanocomposites, nano-hybrid, micro-hybrid and/or conventional hybrid composites ground under rough diamond or carbide tungsten burs with the use of a micromotor and under dry conditions.…”

Section: Study Design and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particulate Production and Composite Dust during Routine Dental Procedures. A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses

et al. 2020

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Composite dust generation is most likely a continuous and daily procedure in dental practice settings. The aim of this systematic review was to identify, compile and evaluate existing evidence on interventions and composite material properties related to the production of aerosolized dust during routine dental procedures. Seven electronic databases were searched, with no limits, supplemented by a manual search, on 27 April 2020 for published and unpublished research. Eligibility criteria comprised of studies of any design, describing composite dust production related to the implementation of any procedure in dental practice. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias (RoB) assessment was undertaken independently either in duplicate, or confirmed by a second reviewer. Random effects meta-analyses of standardized mean differences (SMD) with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were employed where applicable. A total of 375 articles were initially identified, resulting in 13 articles being included in the qualitative synthesis, of which 5 contributed to meta-analyses overall. Risk of bias recordings ranged between low and high, pertaining to unclear/raising some concerns, in most cases. All types of composites, irrespective of the filler particles, released significant amounts of nano-sized particles after being ground, with potentially disruptive respiratory effects. Evidence supported increased % distribution of particles < 100 nm for nanocomposite Filtek Supreme XTE compared to both conventional hybrid Z100MP (SMD: 1.96, 95% CI: 0.85, 3.07; p-value; 0.001) and nano- hybrid Tetric EvoCeram (SMD: 1.62, 95% CI: 0.56, 2.68; p-value: 0.003). For cytotoxicity considerations of generated aerosolized particles, both nanocomposites Filtek Supreme XTE and nanohybrid GradiO revealed negative effects on bronchial epithelial cell viability, as represented by % formazan reduction at 330–400 μg/mL for 24 hours, with no recorded differences between them (SMD: 0.19; 95% CI: −0.17, 0.55; p-value: 0.30). Effective and more rigorous management of dental procedures potentially liable to the generation of considerable amounts of aerosolized composite dust should be prioritized in contemporary dental practice. In essence, protective measures for the clinician and the practices’ personnel should also be systematically promoted and additional interventions may be considered in view of the existing evidence.

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“…Thousands of workers are engaged in the research, development, and commercial scale production of nano-enabled composites. Yet, limited data is available on exposures and more so on health effects, in occupational settings that produce and use nanomaterials [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] despite their frequent use in various industrial applications (e.g., construction, composites, fillers), with possible release during manufacturing [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Airway Inflammation and Respiratory Disorders in Nanocomposite Workers

et al. 2018

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Thousands of researchers and workers worldwide are employed in nanocomposites manufacturing, yet little is known about their respiratory health. Aerosol exposures were characterized using real time and integrated instruments. Aerosol mass concentration ranged from 0.120 mg/m3 to 1.840 mg/m3 during nanocomposite machining processes; median particle number concentration ranged from 4.8 × 104 to 5.4 × 105 particles/cm3. The proportion of nanoparticles varied by process from 40 to 95%. Twenty employees, working in nanocomposite materials research were examined pre-shift and post-shift using spirometry and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in parallel with 21 controls. Pro-inflammatory leukotrienes (LT) type B4, C4, D4, and E4; tumor necrosis factor (TNF); interleukins; and anti-inflammatory lipoxins (LXA4 and LXB4) were analyzed in their exhaled breath condensate (EBC). Chronic bronchitis was present in 20% of researchers, but not in controls. A significant decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) was found in researchers post-shift (p ˂ 0.05). Post-shift EBC samples were higher for TNF (p ˂ 0.001), LTB4 (p ˂ 0.001), and LTE4 (p ˂ 0.01) compared with controls. Nanocomposites production was associated with LTB4 (p ˂ 0.001), LTE4 (p ˂ 0.05), and TNF (p ˂ 0.001), in addition to pre-shift LTD4 and LXB4 (both p ˂ 0.05). Spirometry documented minor, but significant, post-shift lung impairment. TNF and LTB4 were the most robust markers of biological effects. Proper ventilation and respiratory protection are required during nanocomposites processing.

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Detection of nanoparticles released at finishing of dental composite materials

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Scientific update on nanoparticles in dentistry

Scientific update on nanoparticles in dentistry

Particulate Production and Composite Dust during Routine Dental Procedures. A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses

Deep Airway Inflammation and Respiratory Disorders in Nanocomposite Workers

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