Detection of Non-Influenza Viruses in Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Under Five-Year-Old in Cote D’ivoire (January – December 2013).

Abstract

Background:Influenza sentinel surveillance in Cote d’Ivoire showed that 70% of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) cases remained without etiology. This work aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and virological pattern of ARI that tested negative for influenza virus, in children under five years old.Materials and Methods:one thousand and fifty nine samples of patients presenting influenza Like Illness (ILI) or Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI) symptoms were tested for other respiratory viruses using multiplex RT-PCR assays targeting 10 respiratory viruses.Results:The following pathogens were detected as follows, hRV 31,92% (98/307), hRSV 24.4% (75/329), PIV 20.5% (63/307), HCoV 229E 12,05% (37/307), hMPV 6.2% (19/307), HCoVOC43 1.0% (3/307) and EnV 1.0% (3/307). Among the 1,059 specimens analyzed, 917 (86.6%) were ILI samples and 142 (23.4%) were SARI samples. The proportion of children infected with at least one virus was 29.8% (273/917) in ILI cases and 23.9% (34/142) in SARI cases. The most prevalent viruses, responsible for ILI cases were hRV with 35.89% (98/273) and hRSV in SARI cases with 41.2% (14/34) of cases. Among the 1,059 patients, only 22 (2.1%) children presented risk factors related to the severity of influenza virus infection.Conclusion:This study showed that respiratory viruses play an important role in the etiology of ARI in children. For a better understanding of the epidemiology of ARI and improved case management, it would be interesting in this context to expand the surveillance of influenza to other respiratory viruses.

Pathogens Causing Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Less Than 5 Years of Age in Senegal

“…Equal total amounts of viruses and a similar prevalence of RSV and influenza viruses were detected when comparing with our results, but these studies, including some recent Senegalese studies, found significantly higher percentages of adenovirus, enterovirus, and rhinovirus. 14,15,35,36 Results from case-control studies conducted in low-and middle-income countries show a similar prevalence of all viruses in healthy children, except that the average prevalence of rhinovirus in those studies is approximately 30%, whereas we found rhinovirus in 7.4% of controls. 19,[21][22][23][24] The most obvious possible reason for the differences in virus prevalence is our short study period, given that virus prevalence is highly seasonal.…”

Patterns of Non‐influenza Respiratory Viruses Among Severe Acute Respiratory Infection Cases in Burkina Faso: A Surveillance Study

“…Metapneumoviruses were also detected in a considerable proportions (6%) with transmission occurring mostly during the dry and cold seasons of the year. The prevalence was similar to that reported in a study conducted in the same region [33]. Previous studies have reported that hMPV was prevalent during late winter and spring in temperate climates [43, 44], but in our study, metapneumovirus was detected year‐long although peak transmission period coincided with pattern already described by other studies [43, 44].…”

“…Metapneumoviruses were also detected in a considerable proportions (6%) with transmission occurring mostly during the dry and cold seasons of the year. The prevalence was similar to that reported in a study conducted in the same region [33].…”

Epidemiology of Human Metapneumovirus-associated Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in African Children: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…Thirteen of the studies used a WHO clinical classification of pneumonia 40 or SARI, 6,14,[17][18][19][20]25,29,32,36,39,41,42 while 3 South African studies in addition to children fulfilling the SARI definition also included any child under 3 months of age hospitalized for suspected infection. 5,25,33 The remaining 14 studies had varying case definitions of LRTI.…”