Detection of Opportunistic Fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii Major Surface Glycoprotein (MSG) gene in HIV-AIDS Patients with Pneumoniae in Jakarta

Abstract

Pneumocystis jirovecii is known to cause opportunistic infections in the lower respiratory tract in individuals with low immune systems, especially patient with HIV infection. The prevalence of P. jirovecii pneumonia (PjP) in various countries show varying numbers. In Indonesia, HIV cases continue to rise. However, the data in Indonesia concerning the case of PjP is very limited. Until now the prevalence of PjP in Indonesia is only based on clinical symptoms of the patient. Currently, diagnosis of PjP relies on microscopic examination. The disadvantage of this examination is not easy to do and has a high negative predictive value. Thus, this study was conducted to develop a molecular test to diagnose PjP infection in HIV-AIDS suspected pneumonia. Molecular diagnostic test aimed for Major Surface Glycoprotein (MSG) gene of P. jirovecii detection was done through real-time PCR against 100 sputum samples. Demographic data show that the prevalence of PjP infection in HIV-AIDS suspected pneumonia patients in Jakarta is 20.0%, male 75% within 31-40 y.o (35%), dominant (80%) from patients with CD4+ T-lymphocytes of 200-349 cells/µL. Molecular real-time PCR methods were shown to give five times sensitivity higher than Giemsa stain.
 
 Keywords: P. jirovecii, HIV, real-time PCR

Analisis filogenetik gen mitochondrial large subunit (mtLSU) Pneumocystis jirovecii pada Pasien Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Terduga Pneumoniae di Jakarta

“…Kelemahan dari pemeriksaan ini antara lain tidak mudah diinterpretasikan dan memiliki nilai prediktif negatif yang tinggi. 13,14 Sementara itu pemeriksaan kultur hingga saat ini masih dalam tahap penelitian, seperti yang dikembangkan oleh Verena et al (2014). 15 Metode pemeriksaan lain yang telah dikembangkan lebih dari 2 dekade adalah diagnosis molekular yang berguna untuk mendeteksi dan melakukan karakterisasi deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).…”