Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Wheat by Ionic Liquid-Based Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Combined with HPLC

Abstract

Food safety issues closely related to human health have always received widespread attention from the world society. As a basic food source, wheat is the fundamental support of human survival; therefore, the detection of pesticide residues in wheat is very necessary. In this work, the ultrasonic-assisted ionic liquid-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method was firstly proposed, and the extraction and analysis of three organophosphorus pesticides were carried out by combining high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The extraction efficiencies of three ionic liquids with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Tf2N) anion were compared by extracting organophosphorus in wheat samples. It was found that the use of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([OMIM][Tf2N]) had both high enrichment efficiency and appropriate extraction recovery. Finally, the method was used for the determination of three wheat samples, and the recoveries of them were 74.8–112.5%, 71.8–104.5%, and 83.8–115.5%, respectively. The results show that the method proposed is simple, fast, and efficient, which can be applied to the extraction of organic matters in wheat samples.

Ionic liquids as alternative solvents for energy conservation and environmental engineering

“…Since the advent of ionic liquid chemistry, research in this field has found a new vigor. Liu et.al, conducted a series of experiments to detect, extract and analyze organophsophorous pesticides from water samples with imidazolium ionic liquid and the findings were promising [75]. A similar method was explored by Tatjana et al in which the imidazolium ionic liquid-based vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction method was used to determine the presence of four pesticides in an industrial wastewater sample [76].…”

Ionic liquids: promising solvents for halal industry

“…For instance, Tf 2 N anion-based ILs, specifically methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide [OMIM][Tf 2 N] and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction can successfully extract organophosphorus pesticides in wheat samples by using ultrasonic-assisted combined with HPLC analysis (Liu et al, 2018). Usually, the method used for the extraction of pesticide residue in food is liquid-liquid extraction and supercritical fluid extraction.…”

“…Using ILs, the method is improved and has been noted to be time saving, simple but efficient with high sensitivity and reliability and benign. This is a promising approach to be used for the trace determination of many organic compounds in food industry (Liu et al, 2018).…”

MULTIRESIDUE ANALYSIS OF OVER 233 PESTICIDES IN CUCUMBER AND GRAPEFRUIT SAMPLES USING A QuEChERS AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY-BASED METHOD

“…In order to use these methods gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), coupled to mass selective detectors (MS), many new sample preparation techniques and extraction methods have been developed. Many sample preparation techniques for the detection of many pesticides used in vegetables and fruits, including solid-phase extraction (SPE) (Campone et al, 2018;Chan et al, 2018), solid-phase microextraction (SPME) (Li et al, 2019;Dong et al, 2019), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) (Su et al, 2018;Stachniuk, 2018), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) (Alvarez et al, 2019; Khan et al, 2018), matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) (Liu et al, 2018;Jiang et al, 2018), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) (Du et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2018), membrane extraction (Salemi et al, 2019), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) (Zhu et al, 2019), and QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) method (Tankiewicz, 2019), have been used. Within these techniques, QuEChERS has become more preferred in recent years, because it reduces the use of solvents in accordance with the 'green chemistry' principles, and provides a simple, inexpensive, fast and reliable result.…”