Detection of peste des petits ruminants virus antigen using immunofiltration and antigen-competition ELISA methods

Raj, G. Dhinakar; Rajanathan, T.M.C.; Kumar, Chandrika; Ramathilagam, G.; Hiremath, Geetha; Shaila, M.S.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.11.026

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…57,59,62,65,66,67,68,70,72,74,79,80,81,84,86,87,88,89,90,93,94,95,97,98,99,105,106,109,112,113,114,116,117,118,119,120,121,125,126,128,130,131,132,133,135,137,138,139,141,142,145,147,…”

Section: Study Eligibility Form: Performance Of Diagnostic Tests For mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on peste des petits ruminants

2015

EFSA Journal

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Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a severe viral disease of small ruminants caused by a Morbillivirus closely related to rinderpest virus. It is widespread in Africa and Asia and is currently also found in Turkey and Northern Africa. PPR is transmitted via direct contact, and the disease would mainly be transferred to infection-free areas by transport of infected animals. In the EU, it could only happen through illegal transport of animals. The risk of that depends on the prevalence in the country of origin and the number of animals illegally moved. The extent of the spread would depend mainly on the time during which it is undetected, the farm density, the frequency and distance of travel of animals. PPR has a high within-herd transmission rate, therefore contacts between flocks, e.g. through common grazing areas, should be avoided when PPR is present. If PPR enters EU areas with dense sheep population but low goat density, it may spread rapidly undetected, since goats are considered more susceptible than sheep. Effective measures in limiting the spread of PPR in the EU include prompt culling of infected herds, rapid detection, movement restriction, and disinfection. Live attenuated vaccines against PPR are available, safe and effective, and have been successfully used to control PPR epidemics, but no method exists for differentiating between infected and vaccinated animals; therefore, the development of one is recommended. Awareness-raising campaigns for farmers and veterinary staff to promote recognition of the disease should be considered. The cooperation of the EU with neighbouring countries should be encouraged to prevent the spread of PPR and other transboundary diseases. In particular, EFSA was asked to (i) characterise the disease and provide an update on the global occurrence of PPR and changes in the distribution during the last 10 years; (ii) map the region of concern and other countries of the Mediterranean Basin and Black Sea, displaying identified, or likely, major live animal trade routes; (iii) evaluate all possible pathways of introduction of PPR into the EU, ranking them on the basis of their level of risk, with a view to enhancing preparedness and prevention; (iv) assess the risk of introduction and speed of propagation of PPR into the EU and neighbouring countries; (v) assess the risk of PPR becoming endemic in animal populations in the EU; (vi) assess the impact PPR would have if it were to enter the EU, considering different scenarios as regards the effectiveness of surveillance and control measures; and (vii) review the feasibility, availability and effectiveness of the main disease prevention and control measures (diagnostic tools, biosecurity measures, restrictions on movement, culling). © EuropeanRegarding disease characterisation, the AHAW Panel reported that PPR is a severe viral disease of small ruminants caused by a Morbillivirus closely related to rinderpest virus. It is widespread in Africa, the Middle East and Southern Asia. It is one of the priority animal diseases wh...

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“…57,59,62,65,66,67,68,70,72,74,79,80,81,84,86,87,88,89,90,93,94,95,97,98,99,105,106,109,112,113,114,116,117,118,119,120,121,125,126,128,130,131,132,133,135,137,138,139,141,142,145,147,…”

Section: Study Eligibility Form: Performance Of Diagnostic Tests For mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on peste des petits ruminants

2015

EFSA Journal

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“…Similarly, Dipsticks was developed for detection of PPRV in a test sample by using the unlabeled capture MAb directed to Matrix protein of PPRV is immobilized on the test zone of dipstick and the mobile detector reagent, which comprises combination of PPRV 'H' and 'N' MAbs, labeled with colloidal gold particles, is impregnated on the conjugate. Raj et al [111] developed immunofiltration and antigen-competition ELISA methods for detection of PPRV antigen, which showed a sensitivity of 80 % and specificity of 100 %. These two tests can serve as a screening (immunofiltration) and confirmatory (antigen-competition ELISA) test, respectively, in the diagnosis of PPR in sheep or goats.…”

Section: Penside Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and control of peste des petits ruminants: a comprehensive review

Balamurugan¹,

Hemadri²,

Gajendragad³

et al. 2013

VirusDis.

135

118

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Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, highly contagious, world organization for animal health (OIE) notifiable and economically important transboundary viral disease of sheep and goats associated with high morbidity and mortality and caused by PPR virus. PPR is considered as one of the main constraints in augmenting the productivity of small ruminants in developing countries and particularly severely affects poor farmer's economy. The disease is clinically manifested by pyrexia, oculo-nasal discharges, necrotizing and erosive stomatitis, gastroenteritis, diarrhoea and bronchopneumonia. The disease can be diagnosed from its clinical signs, pathological lesions, and specific detection of virus antigen/antibodies/genome in the clinical samples by various serological tests and molecular assays. PPR is the one of the priority animal diseases whose control is considered important for poverty alleviation in enzootic countries. Availability of effective and safe live attenuated cell culture PPR vaccines and diagnostics have boosted the recently launched centrally sponsored control programme in India and also in other countries. This review article primarily focus on the current scenario of PPR diagnosis and its control programme with advancement of research areas that have taken place in the recent years with future perspectives.

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“…Conventional techniques used for PPRV detection are: agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) (Munir et al, 2009b), counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) Obi & Ojeh, 1989), dot enzyme immunoassay (Perl et al, 1995;Obi & Patrick, 1984), differential immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections (Saliki et al, 1994), haemagglutination (HA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests (Raj et al, 2008;Saravanan et al, 2006;Manoharan, 2005), virus isolation (Manoharan, 2005;Brindha et al, 2001), competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) (Ezeibe et al, 2008;Anderson et al, 1991), novel sandwich ELISA (Munir et al, 2009b;Anderson & McKay, 1994), immuno-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IC-ELISA) (Abubakar et al, 2008;Saravanan et al, 2008;Khan et al, 2007;Singh et al, 2004;Libeau et al, 1994), immunofiltration (Diop et al, 2005), and latex agglutination tests (Keerti et al, 2009).…”

Section: Laboratory Diagnosis Of Pprmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main advantage of the IF principle is its application in field conditions, and it can be taken as pen side test. Recently, IF has been employed for the detection of PPRV and compared with antigencompetition ELISA (AC-ELISA) (Raj et al, 2008). It was proposed that IF is the best in screening larger samples in the field, and AC-ELISA can be used to confirm the important samples (Munir, 2011) …”

Section: Immunofiltration Testmentioning

confidence: 99%