2016
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.157
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Detection of pharmaceuticals and phytochemicals together with their metabolites in hospital effluents in Japan, and their contribution to sewage treatment plant influents

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Cited by 114 publications
(43 citation statements)
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“…The concentrations are usually detected in the order of µg•L −1 and ng•L −1 [3]. The main sources of contamination are the hospitals [4] and domestic sewage effluents [1]. These drugs and their metabolites may contaminate groundwater, rivers, lakes, and wastewater treatment plants [5] [6].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The concentrations are usually detected in the order of µg•L −1 and ng•L −1 [3]. The main sources of contamination are the hospitals [4] and domestic sewage effluents [1]. These drugs and their metabolites may contaminate groundwater, rivers, lakes, and wastewater treatment plants [5] [6].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recent studies have gradually made it clear that a wide variety of pharmaceutical ingredients are present in the water environment Azuma et al, 2016;Tiedeken et al, 2017;Vasquez et al, 2014 . The concentration level of these pharmaceutical ingredients in the water environment ranges from ng/L to µg/L, which is lower than the concentration level mg/L that exerts pharmacological action in the human body.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recent in-depth quantification of these drugs together with the other anticancer drugs was achieved by the simultaneous combination of procedures known as solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) [16,[45][46][47], with special care taken for differences in the protocols applied for the liquid and the solid samples. The concentration and purification steps of the anticancer drugs in the liquid samples were performed by SPE [13,31]. In the case of the river sediments and the suspended solids (solid state samples), solvent extraction of the adsorbed materials was achieved by sonication and filtration [31,48,49] prior to analysis.…”
Section: Selection Of Anticancer Drugs and Their Quantificationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…PPCPs include different groups of compounds typified by their chemical characteristics, structure, mechanism of action, mode of action, and their therapeutic use to treat specific diseases. Particularly, anticancer drugs are emerging as an area of growing interest because of their promotion of a long lifespan via the suppression of human death through their use as a chemotherapy [12,13].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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