Detection of Porcine Circovirus 1/2/3 and Genetic Analysis of Porcine Circovirus 2 in Wild Boar from Jiangxi Province of China

Abstract

A number of disorders that harm pig production are linked to porcine circoviruses, including PCV2. PCV2 infection is a substantial contributor to porcine-circovirus-associated illnesses (PCAS) and the post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), which have a significant negative economic impact on pig production. Additionally, PCV infection has been labeled as a global concern to cattle and wildlife. This study’s objectives were to examine the prevalence of PCV1/2/3 in Jiangxi Province, China, and to clarify the epidemiological significance of wild boar in PCV epidemiology. The 2020 hunting seasons resulted in the collection of 138 wild boar samples for PCV1/2/3 detection, which was followed by the genetic clarification of PCV2 strains. According to our data, 21.7% (30/138) of the population had PCV1 positivity, 22.5% (31/138) had PCV2 positivity, and 5.8% (8/138) had PCV3 positivity. Additionally, 10 out of 138 wild boar samples had PCV1 and PCV2 co-infections, while 5 out of 138 wild boar samples had PCV2 and PC3 co-infections. Nineteen full-length PCV2 genomes measuring 1767 nt were recovered from various animal tissues using conventional PCR. Eighteen out of nineteen PCV2 strains were identified as PCV2b by phylogenetic tree analysis, which was completed by the reference strain HLJ2015 obtained from domestic pigs in 2015. Additionally, one genotype of PCV2d JX11-2020 (MW889021) shared a sub-branch with the referenced strain TJ (AY181946), which was isolated in domestic pigs in 2002. This finding raises the possibility that domestic pigs could contract PCV2 strains from wild boar, posing a serious threat to the Jiangxi province of China’s pig production industry.

Prevalence of porcine circovirus type 2 and type 3 in slaughtered pigs and wild boars in Korea

“…Although we cannot rule out the possibility of other influences, these rapidly increasing positive rates of PCV3 in this study might be due to sample differences (Kixmöller et al., 2008 ; J. Zhang et al., 2022 ). Our results showed that the positive rate of PCV3 in wild boar (5.5% in HLN) was much lower than that in Europe (40.4%–77.4%) (Klaumann et al., 2019 ; Prinz et al., 2019 ), but similar to that in China (5.79%) (Hu et al., 2022 ). Previous studies have suggested that wild boar might have an important role as a reservoir in PCV3 prevalence (Hu et al., 2022 ; Klaumann et al., 2019 ; Prinz et al., 2019 ).…”

“…Our results showed that the positive rate of PCV3 in wild boar (5.5% in HLN) was much lower than that in Europe (40.4%–77.4%) (Klaumann et al., 2019 ; Prinz et al., 2019 ), but similar to that in China (5.79%) (Hu et al., 2022 ). Previous studies have suggested that wild boar might have an important role as a reservoir in PCV3 prevalence (Hu et al., 2022 ; Klaumann et al., 2019 ; Prinz et al., 2019 ). However, considering the quarantine situation in South Korean pig farms, a correlation with wild boars and domestic pigs in PCV2 and PCV3 prevalence is relatively low.…”

Development of a TaqMan-Probe-Based Multiplex Real-Time PCR for the Simultaneous Detection of Porcine Circovirus 2, 3, and 4 in East China from 2020 to 2022

“…Another report showed the prevalence of PCV1/-2/-3 in wild boar in Jiangxi province. Of 138 wild boar samples, the positive rates of PCV1, PCV2, and PCV3 were 21.7%, 22.5%, and 5.8%, respectively [ 34 ]. Consistent with our data, the above study showed that the positive rates of PCV1 and PCV2, and PCV2 and PC3 co-infections were 7.3% and 3.6%.…”

Epizootiological surveillance of porcine circoviruses in free-ranging wild boars in China

“…To analyze the genomic sequence of PCV1, PCV2 and PCV3, the full-length ORF genes and genomes of PCVs isolates were amplified using Taq DNA polymerase (TaKaRa, Dalian, China) as described previously ( Cao et al., 2018 ; Hu et al., 2022 ; Xia et al., 2019 ; Wen et al., 2018 ), the PCR amplicons were separated by electrophoresis on a 1% agarose. The bands were extracted and purified using the AxyPrep DNA Gel Extraction Kit (AxyGene, USA).…”