Detection of prenatal exposure to several classes of environmental toxicants and their metabolites by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in maternal and umbilical cord blood

Corrion, Melissa; Ostrea, Enrique M.; Bielawski, Dawn M.; Posecion, Norberto C.; Seagraves, J.

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.06.007

Cited by 47 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…In blood, the matrix-spiked calibration curves were linear for all parent pesticides and pesticide metabolites with coefficients of linearity greater than 0.990 (25). Optimum recovery rates ranged from 84-142% for parent compounds and 54-122% for the metabolites.…”

Section: Bloodmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Lindane and DDT were also analyzed based on our previous study in Manila, Philippines that showed substantial exposure to these pesticides (22). Some known metabolites of these pesticides were also analyzed including: 2-isopropoxyphenol [ The pesticides and their metabolites were analyzed in the various matrices by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using published procedures (21)(22)(23)(24)(25) and with the following analytical characteristics:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparison of infant hair, cord blood and meconium analysis to detect fetal exposure to environmental pesticides

Ostrea¹,

Bielawski²,

Posecion³

et al. 2008

Environmental Research

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OBJECTIVE-The detection of fetal exposure to environmental pesticides is important because many of the pesticides are neurotoxicants and fetal exposure to these compounds can adversely affect prenatal and subsequent neurodevelopment. The aim of this study was to determine, by the comparative analysis of infant hair, cord blood and meconium, the most sensitive matrix to detect fetal exposure to pesticides. PATIENTS AND METHODS-Pregnantwomen were prospectively recruited from an agricultural site in the Philippines where a preliminary survey indicated a substantial use at home and in the farm of the following pesticides: propoxur, cyfluthrin, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, pretilachlor, bioallethrin, malathion, diazinon and transfluthrin. Infant hair, cord blood and meconium were obtained after birth and were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the above compounds, including lindane and DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis, p-chlorophenylethane) and some of their known metabolites.RESULTS-A total of 638 infants were included in the study. The highest exposure rate to pesticides was detected in meconium (23.8% to propoxur, 1.9% to pretilachlor, 1.9% to cypermethrin, 0.8% to cyfluthrin, 0.6% to DDT and 0.3% to malathion and bioallethrin). Cord blood was only positive for propoxur (1.9%) whereas infant hair was only positive for chlorpyrifos (0.2%). The highest exposure was to household pesticide (propoxur). The frequency and concentration of pesticides were compared in the three matrices and there was a significantly higher frequency and concentration of propoxur, pretilachlor, DDT, cyfluthrin and cypermethrin in meconium compared to cord blood and infant hair. Pesticide metabolites were not found in any of the matrices analyzed, except in one meconium sample which was positive for DDE (4,4′ dichlorodiphenyldichloro ethylene), a DDT metabolite.CONCLUSIONS-There is significant exposure of the pregnant woman and her fetus to pesticides, particularly to the home pesticide, propoxur. Our study has demonstrated that among cord blood, meconium or infant hair, meconium is the most sensitive matrix to analyze for fetal exposure to pesticides. The accumulation of pesticides in meconium, the ease of meconium collection and the Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. large amount of meconium that could be collected are factors that contribute to the increased sensitivity of this matrix. NIH Public Access

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Section: Bloodmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of infant hair, cord blood and meconium analysis to detect fetal exposure to environmental pesticides

Ostrea¹,

Bielawski²,

Posecion³

et al. 2008

Environmental Research

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“…Ainsi Corion et coll. [58] ont décrit une méthode GC-EI-MS pour doser des pesticides de classes variées et leurs métabolites dans le sang maternel et le cordon ombilical. Cette méthode utilise la LLE et fournit des LOD de moins de 0,10 à 2 μg/mL pour le pesticide parent et ses métabolites respectivement.…”

Section: Méthodes « Multirésiduelles »unclassified

Difficultés analytiques de la caractérisation des pesticides dans le sang

Anger

Kintz²

2009

Ann Toxicol Anal

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Résumé -Objectifs : Malgré les incontestables services qu'ils ont pu rendre à l'agriculture, l'utilisation des pesticides n'est pas sans danger pour l'homme. En dehors des intoxications aiguës accidentelles ou volontaires, l'exposition répétée à ces produits ou la consommation d'aliments contaminés par leurs résidus peuvent être à l'origine de divers troubles pour la santé humaine : perturbations endocriniennes, dérèglement du système immunitaire, apparition de certains types de cancers, troubles de la reproduction, etc. Il importe donc de pouvoir les caractériser ou surveiller leur présence dans les milieux biologiques. L'objet de ce travail est de recenser les moyens analytiques modernes qui permettent de doser les pesticides dans le sang, milieu biologique facilement accessible et de composition constante et d'insister sur les difficultés analytiques rencontrées lors du choix de la méthode et de l'interprétation des résultats. Méthodes : De très nombreuses techniques analytiques sont proposées aujourd'hui pour l'analyse des pesticides et/ou leurs métabolites dans les milieux biologiques. Après traitement de l'échantillon, le plus souvent par micro-extraction en phase solide (SPME), l'analyse instrumentale proprement dite fait appel aux méthodes chromatographiques classiques comme la chromatographie en phase gazeuse (GC) ou la chromatographie liquide haute performance (HPLC) couplées toutes deux à la spectrométrie de masse simple (MS) ou en tandem (MS/MS). Certaines méthodes permettent la caractérisation de plusieurs pesticides appartenant à des familles différentes, mais elles restent rares. La plupart des techniques se limitent à doser un groupe donné de pesticides dans des conditions expérimentales bien précises. Ré-sultats : La mise en évidence des pesticides dans le sang requiert des techniques sophistiquées nécessitant un matériel souvent onéreux et des techniciens expérimentés. Les concentrations toxiques sont très variables d'un composé à l'autre et justifient la recherche d'une limite de quantification (LOQ) parfois très faible. L'obtention d'étalons de référence purs peut également être source de difficultés sans compter qu'il n'existe pas de méthode officielle recommandée. L'interprétation des résultats constitue sans doute le problème majeur car la toxicocinétique des pesticides est généralement mal connue et difficile à établir chez l'homme. Conclusions et perspectives : Il n'existe pas aujourd'hui de méthode universelle de dosage des pesticides dans le sang. La mise en place d'une méthodologie donnée requiert une demande bien précise de la part du clinicien. L'interprétation des résultats reste parfois difficile. Il apparaît donc évident que le développement d'un screening général de recherche des pesticides comme il en existe un actuellement pour les médica-ments, puisse voir le jour afin de raccourcir le délai de réponse du laboratoire au clinicien. L'immunochimie apportera peut-être la solution. Mots clés : Pesticide, environnementAbstract -Objectives: Despite the undoubted services which they...

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“…Identification was further ascertained using target to qualifier ion response ratios. The mean response ratios were calculated from target to qualifier ion response ratios obtained from the analysis of spiked calibrators and the limits were set at ± 20% of the mean response ratios [21,26,27]. The limit of detection (LOD) was established using the empirical approach [28].…”

Section: Quantitation and Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative determination of paraquat in meconium by sodium borohydride-nickel chloride chemical reduction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)

Posecion

Ostrea

Bielawski

2008

Journal of Chromatography B

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The objective of this study was to develop a procedure for the GC/MS assay of paraquat in meconium as a biomarker of fetal exposure to paraquat. The method involved a sodium borohydride-nickel chloride reduction procedure, liquid-liquid extraction of the perhydrogenated product, concentration, and GC/MS assay. The method demonstrated good overall recovery (102.56 %) with %CV (interassay) of less than 13%, and a limit of detection of 0.0156 μg/g. Analysis of meconium samples from a study population in the Philippines (n = 70) showed a 2.8% prevalence of fetal exposure to paraquat.

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Detection of prenatal exposure to several classes of environmental toxicants and their metabolites by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in maternal and umbilical cord blood

Cited by 47 publications

References 42 publications

A comparison of infant hair, cord blood and meconium analysis to detect fetal exposure to environmental pesticides

A comparison of infant hair, cord blood and meconium analysis to detect fetal exposure to environmental pesticides

Difficultés analytiques de la caractérisation des pesticides dans le sang

Quantitative determination of paraquat in meconium by sodium borohydride-nickel chloride chemical reduction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)

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