Detection of prompt deexcitation γ-rays following bremsstrahlung-induced reactions with the aid of large volume Ge(Li) detectors

Berg, U.E.P.; Wolf, H.; Schäfer, Benedikt; Wienhard, K.

doi:10.1016/0029-554x(75)90125-1

Cited by 16 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 31 publications

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“…Some of the -X rays in Fig. 5 are marked as “Single Escape (SE)” or “Double Escape (DE)”, which occur due to the interaction of the high-energy -X rays (>1022 keV) with the HPGe detector [ 42 ]. Below 100 keV, there were very high amplitude -X ray peaks from carbon (C), not shown in this figure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The non-destructive investigation of a late antique knob bow fibula (Bügelknopffibel) from Kaiseraugst/CH using Muon Induced X-ray Emission (MIXE)

et al. 2023

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A knob bow fibula (Bügelknopffibel) of the Leutkirch type, which typologically belongs to the second half of the 4th and early 5th century CE, was excavated in 2018 in the Roman city of Augusta Raurica, present-day Kaiseraugst (AG, Switzerland). This was analyzed for the first time for its elemental composition by using the non-destructive technique of Muon Induced X-ray Emission (MIXE) in the continuous muon beam facility at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). In the present work, the detection limit is 0.4 wt% with $$\sim$$ ∼ 1.5 hours of measurement time. The fibula was measured at six different positions, at a depth of 0.3–0.4 mm inside the material. The experimental results show that the fibula is made of bronze, containing the main elements copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), tin (Sn) and lead (Pb). The compositional similarities/differences between different parts of the fibula reveal that it was manufactured as two “workpieces”. One workpiece consists of the knob (13.0±0.6 wt% Pb), bow (11.9±0.4 wt% Pb) and foot (12.5 ± 0.9 wt% Pb). These show a higher Pb content, suggesting a cast bronze. The spiral (3.2 ± 0.2 wt% Pb), which is part of the other workpiece, has a comparatively lower Pb content, suggesting a forged bronze.

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