Detection of rabies virus genomic RNA and mRNA in mouse and human brains by using in situ hybridization

Jackson, Alan C.; Wunner, William H.

doi:10.1128/jvi.65.6.2839-2844.1991

Cited by 31 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The probes used in ISH are either radioactive label ( 3 H, 35 S) or non-radioactive label (digoxigenin). Jackson and Wunner (1991) used detecting RNA in paraffin embedded sections of mice brain infected with fixed (CVS-11) RABV and in human rabies brain. They demonstrated multifocal genomic RNA signals in pericarya or infected neurons in mice and found diffuse distribution of mRNA around pericarya more abundant than the genomic RNA in both CVS-11 as well as street virus.…”

Section: Detection Of Viral Nucleic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies – epidemiology, pathogenesis, public health concerns and advances in diagnosis and control: a comprehensive review

Singh

Cherian

et al. 2017

Veterinary Quarterly

213

182

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Rabies is a zoonotic, fatal and progressive neurological infection caused by rabies virus of the genus Lyssavirus and family Rhabdoviridae. It affects all warm-blooded animals and the disease is prevalent throughout the world and endemic in many countries except in Islands like Australia and Antarctica. Over 60,000 peoples die every year due to rabies, while approximately 15 million people receive rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) annually. Bite of rabid animals and saliva of infected host are mainly responsible for transmission and wildlife like raccoons, skunks, bats and foxes are main reservoirs for rabies. The incubation period is highly variable from 2 weeks to 6 years (avg. 2-3 months). Though severe neurologic signs and fatal outcome, neuropathological lesions are relatively mild. Rabies virus exploits various mechanisms to evade the host immune responses. Being a major zoonosis, precise and rapid diagnosis is important for early treatment and effective prevention and control measures. Traditional rapid Seller's staining and histopathological methods are still in use for diagnosis of rabies. Direct immunofluoroscent test (dFAT) is gold standard test and most commonly recommended for diagnosis of rabies in fresh brain tissues of dogs by both OIE and WHO. Mouse inoculation test (MIT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are superior and used for routine diagnosis. Vaccination with live attenuated or inactivated viruses, DNA and recombinant vaccines can be done in endemic areas. This review describes in detail about epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, advances in diagnosis, vaccination and therapeutic approaches along with appropriate prevention and control strategies.

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Section: Detection Of Viral Nucleic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies – epidemiology, pathogenesis, public health concerns and advances in diagnosis and control: a comprehensive review

Singh

Cherian

et al. 2017

Veterinary Quarterly

213

182

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It consists of a helical nucleocapsid (NC) surrounded by a viral membrane composed of host lipids and two proteins, the glycoprotein G and the matrix protein M. Most rabies virus strains are highly neurotropic. Evidence that the virus multiplies at the site of inoculation in the periphery is controversial (14,17,27,39), since peripheral multiplication of rabies virus depends on the strain of the rabies virus. Highly neurovirulent strains, such as the challenge virus standard (CVS) strain, have a narrow cellular tropism restricted to neurons and replicate poorly in nonneuronal cells, whereas attenuated strains such as the Evelyn Rotnycki Abelseth (ERA) rabies virus strain or avirulent laboratory mutants (RV194-2 and AVO-1) have a less restricted tropism and infect nonneuronal cells (5,17,46).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies virus infects mouse and human lymphocytes and induces apoptosis

Thoulouze

Lafage

Montaño-Hirose

et al. 1997

J Virol

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Attenuated and highly neurovirulent rabies virus strains have distinct cellular tropisms. Highly neurovirulent strains such as the challenge virus standard (CVS) are highly neurotropic, whereas the attenuated strain ERA also infects nonneuronal cells. We report that both rabies virus strains infect activated murine lymphocytes and the human lymphoblastoid Jurkat T-cell line in vitro. The lymphocytes are more permissive to the attenuated ERA rabies virus strain than to the CVS strain in both cases. We also report that in contrast to that of the CVS strain, ERA viral replication induces apoptosis of infected Jurkat T cells, and cell death is concomitant with viral glycoprotein expression, suggesting that this protein has a role in the induction of apoptosis. Our data indicate that (i) rabies virus infects lymphocytes, (ii) lymphocyte infection with the attenuated rabies virus strain causes apoptosis, and (iii) apoptosis does not hinder rabies virus production. In contrast to CVS, ERA rabies virus and other attenuated rabies virus vaccines stimulate a strong immune response and are efficient live vaccines. The paradoxical finding that a rabies virus triggers a strong immune response despite the fact that it infects lymphocytes and induces apoptosis is discussed in terms of the function of apoptosis in the immune response.

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“…In situ hybridization was performed on paraffin‐embedded spinal cord tissue from the index case and uninfected normal controls using specific single‐stranded RNA probes for rabies virus genomic RNA as previously described 6…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed contrast agent kinetics in ischemic skeletal muscle

Nygren

Greitz

2005

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose: To detect skeletal muscle ischemia with firstpass gadolinium (Gd) kinetics after exercise. Materials and Methods:Eleven subjects with intermittent claudication performed a symptom-limited bilateral plantar flexion exercise in the magnet. Regional ROIs were placed bilaterally in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, and a signal intensity (SI) time-curve analysis was performed. Induced ischemia was validated prior to the MRI with the systolic ankle-arm blood pressure index (AAI) measured after a symptom-limited treadmill exercise.Results: Exercise induced ischemic pain in 16 of 22 legs with a significantly reduced AAI (0.31 Ϯ 0.15). The time to contrast arrival (TCA) was delayed in symptomatic ischemic legs vs. asymptomatic legs (16.3 Ϯ 6.9 seconds vs. 11.1 Ϯ 2.7 seconds, P Ͻ 0.05). The maximum SI during recovery was higher in the soleus muscle than in the gastrocnemius muscle in ischemic legs (1.55 Ϯ 0.1 vs. 1.44 Ϯ 0.1, P Ͻ 0.05). Symptomatic regions had a less steep upslope than asymptomatic regions (43 Ϯ 15 vs. 63 Ϯ 14, P Ͻ 0.001), with a graded upslope response to ischemia. However, a normal upslope was found in 10 of 29 ischemic regions, and some of the regions showed delayed contrast arrival, suggesting a pseudonormal upslope in ischemic regions. Conclusion:Exercise-induced ischemia was detected with the use of an SI time-curve analysis. However, disregarding the arterial input function and distribution volume of the tracer may lead to misinterpretation of some ischemic regions.

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Detection of rabies virus genomic RNA and mRNA in mouse and human brains by using in situ hybridization

Cited by 31 publications

References 18 publications

Rabies – epidemiology, pathogenesis, public health concerns and advances in diagnosis and control: a comprehensive review

Rabies – epidemiology, pathogenesis, public health concerns and advances in diagnosis and control: a comprehensive review

Rabies virus infects mouse and human lymphocytes and induces apoptosis

Delayed contrast agent kinetics in ischemic skeletal muscle

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