Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in Potato Tubers, Solanum dulcamara and Associated Irrigation Water

Elphinstone, J. G.; Stanford, H.; Stead, D. E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-03592-4_19

Cited by 78 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Potato tubers are a major reservoir of R. solanacearum where it normally can survive better than in soil (Graham et al, 1979). Also various weed species such as Portulaca oleracea, Rumex dentatus and Solanum nigrum, have been found to be important reservoirs for the pathogen (Elphinstone, Stanford, & Stead, 1998;Farag, Eweda, Mostafa, & Balabel, 2004). In this study we did not determine if weeds were really destroyed or showed only delayed emergence in the BSD plots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Soil Disinfestation (BSD), a new control method for potato brown rot, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2

et al. 2007

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The potential of Biological Soil Disinfestation (BSD) to control potato brown rot, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2, was investigated. BSD involves the induction of anaerobic soil conditions by increasing microbial respiration through incorporation of fresh organic amendments (here: grass or potato haulms) and by reducing re-supply of oxygen by covering with airtight plastic sheets. Control treatments were left without cover and amendment, or amended without covering or covered only without amendment. The effect of BSD on survival of R. solanacearum was tested at three different scales: in 1-l glass mesocosms under laboratory conditions, in 1.2-m-diam microplots positioned in an outdoor quarantine field, and in a naturally infested commercial field. Within a few days, anaerobic conditions developed in the BSD-treated soils. In the mesocosm and microplot experiment, anaerobic conditions persisted till the end of the 4-week experimental period. In the field experiment, the period of anaerobiosis was shorter due to birds damaging the plastic cover. In all three experiments, BSD reduced soil populations of R. solanacearum significantly by 92.5% to >99.9% compared to the non-amended and uncovered control treatments. In the field experiment, BSD also resulted in a significant reduction of R. solanacearum survival in potato tubers buried at 15 or 35 cm and in the rapid decomposition of superficially buried potatoes remaining after harvesting, thus destroying an important inoculum reservoir of R. solanacearum. The treatments with grass amendment only or covering with only plastic did not result in anaerobic conditions and did not decrease R. solanacearum populations during the experimental period. PCR-DGGE analyses of 16S-rDNA from soil samples of the various treatments in the mesocosm and microplot experiments revealed that BSD hardly affected bacterial diversity but did result in clear shifts in the composition of the bacterial community. The possible implications of

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Soil Disinfestation (BSD), a new control method for potato brown rot, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2

et al. 2007

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“…Enrichment in modified SMSA broth at 29°C has been recommended for the examination of low numbers of R. solanacearum cells in asymptomatic potato tubers and water samples (2,13,21). We recently reported that enrichment in MWB at 29°C improved ELISA detection of the target in potato extracts (7), but its efficiency for water samples had not been investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although filtration has been recommended to increase the sensitivity of detection of R. solanacearum (13,22), during the winter season of 2001 to 2002 the recovery of the bacterium from water samples was unsuccessful after filter concentration and became progressively more difficult even after enrichment by the MPN method. This may have been due to the concentration of competitor aquatic bacteria and/or other factors when the target occurs in an altered physiological state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Europe, many reports have demonstrated that R. solanacearum biovar 2 has the unexpected ability to survive in waterways at low temperatures in Northern countries such as the United Kingdom (12) and The Netherlands (21,22). The first report of the detection of R. solanacearum in river ways came from Sweden (35) and was followed by reports of different outbreaks in England in 1992 and 1996 (13) and in The Netherlands (21), Belgium, and France (20,22) in 1995. More recently, the bacterium was also isolated in Spain (36) and Scotland (41).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the isolation of R. solanacearum biovar 2 from contaminated water is generally easy during summer, since the densities of the bacterium are relatively high and the organism is actively multiplying (12,13), but it is difficult during winter (3,4,12,13). This is probably due to the entry of this bacterium into the VBNC state and/or because the low numbers of culturable free-living cells present in the waterways are at or below the detection limits of the techniques used.…”

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Seasonal Variation of Ralstonia solanacearum Biovar 2 Populations in a Spanish River: Recovery of Stressed Cells at Low Temperatures

Caruso

Palomo²,

Bertolini

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The presence of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 in the watercourses of European countries is increasing, but little is known about its ecology in aquatic habitats. The detection of this pathogen in 2000 in one Spanish river led us to study its population density at different locations on the river over a period of 3 years. During 2000 and 2001, the pathogen was recovered at low densities (10 to 80 CFU/ml) by direct plating on modified SMSA agar from water samples at 14°C or higher, but its isolation was usually unsuccessful at temperatures below 9°C. To monitor the pathogen's abundance in winter, we used two liquid selective media for enrichment (at 29 and 35°C) and compared them by using spiked river water samples: modified Wilbrink broth (MWB) was more efficient than modified SMSA broth for double-antibody-sandwich indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DASI-ELISA) detection of R. solanacearum. Enrichment in MWB at both temperatures allowed us to recover R. solanacearum cells that were nonculturable on solid media up to 25 days after their entry into the viable but nonculturable state. When we applied this technique to water samples during the cold months of 2001 and 2002, we obtained the best detection results by the most-probable-number method after enrichment at 35°C with MWB. The enrichment protocol was combined with DASI-ELISA and validated by Co-PCR to detect both naturally and artificially starved and cold-stressed cells in water, which were still infective. Overall, the data from this study demonstrate the effects of temperature variation on the population and culturability of R. solanacearum cells on solid media and their survival at low temperatures.

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TheRalstonia Solanacearum–Plant Interaction

Boucher

Genin

Talbot³

2018

Annual Plant Reviews Online

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Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in Potato Tubers, Solanum dulcamara and Associated Irrigation Water

Cited by 78 publications

References 7 publications

Biological Soil Disinfestation (BSD), a new control method for potato brown rot, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2

Biological Soil Disinfestation (BSD), a new control method for potato brown rot, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2

Seasonal Variation of Ralstonia solanacearum Biovar 2 Populations in a Spanish River: Recovery of Stressed Cells at Low Temperatures

TheRalstonia Solanacearum–Plant Interaction

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