Detection of Rickettsia felis and Rickettsia typhi in an area of California endemic for murine typhus

Karpathy, Sandor E.; Hayes, Edward; Williams, Austin M.; Hu, Renjie; Krueger, Laura; Bennett, Stephen G.; Tilzer, Art; Velten, Robert K.; Kerr, N.; Moore, William L.; Eremeeva, Marina E.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02140.x

Cited by 35 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…At the NML, genomic DNA was extracted from spleen samples (n = 678) using the NucleoSpin 96 Tissue Kit (Machery-Nagel, Bethlehem, USA) and the QIAxtractor (Qiagen, Toronto, Canada) and screened using a multiplexed qPCR assay for the detection of R. typhi and R. felis (Karpathy et al 2009). R. typhi, R. felis, and rat glial cells were used as positive controls.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation ofBartonellaspp.,Rickettsia typhi, and Seoul Hantavirus in Rats (Rattusspp.) from an Inner-City Neighborhood of Vancouver, Canada: Is Pathogen Presence a Reflection of Global and Local Rat Population Structure?

Himsworth

Bai

Kosoy

et al. 2015

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Urban Norway and black rats (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus) are reservoirs for variety of zoonotic pathogens. Many of these pathogens, including Rickettsia typhi, Bartonella spp., and Seoul hantavirus (SEOV), are thought to be endemic in rat populations worldwide; however, past field research has found these organisms to be absent in certain rat populations. Rats (Rattus spp.) from an inner city neighborhood of Vancouver, Canada, were tested for exposure to and/or infection with SEOV and R. typhi (using serology and PCR), as well as Bartonella spp. (using culture and sequencing). Approximately 25% of 404 rats tested were infected with Bartonella tribocorum, which demonstrated significant geographic clustering within the study area. Infection was associated with both season and sexual maturity. Seroreactivity against R. typhi and SEOV was observed in 0.36% and 1.45% of 553 rats tested, respectively, although PCR screening results for these pathogens were negative, suggesting that they are not endemic in the study population. Overall, these results suggest that the geographic distribution of rat-associated zoonoses, including R. typhi, SEOV, and Bartonella spp., is less ubiquitous than previously appreciated, and is likely dependent on patterns of dispersion and establishment of the rat reservoir host. Further study on global and local Rattus spp. population structures may help to elucidate the ecology of zoonotic organisms in these species.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation ofBartonellaspp.,Rickettsia typhi, and Seoul Hantavirus in Rats (Rattusspp.) from an Inner-City Neighborhood of Vancouver, Canada: Is Pathogen Presence a Reflection of Global and Local Rat Population Structure?

Himsworth

Bai

Kosoy

et al. 2015

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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“…typhi DNA was conducted by using a TaqMan assay for the citrate synthase ( glt A) gene of Rickettsia spp. as described elsewhere ( 11 , 12 ). The reactions were conducted by using the Brilliant Q PCR core reagent kit (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA, USA) and run on an i Cycler (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Murine Typhus in Austin, Texas, USA, 2008

Adjemian¹,

Parks²,

McElroy³

et al. 2010

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Consequently, it was proposed that a suburban cycle involving cats, opossums, and cat fleas was responsible for the human cases of murine typhus reported from the foothill areas (Adams et al 1970, Williams et al 1992, Sorvillo et al 1993. The presence of Rickettsia felis (formerly called ELB agent) was then discovered in cat fleas, Ctenocephilides felis (Williams et al 1992), and C. felis commonplace association and feeding on both cats and opossums was established (Williams et al 1992, Karpathy et al 2009, Reif and Macaluso 2009.…”

Section: Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Species-specific probes, primers, and amplification conditions were used as described previously (Eremeeva et al 2008, Karpathy et al 2009). Data were analyzed using an iCycler real-time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) thermocycler and software (BioRad, Richmond, CA).…”

Section: Polymerase Chain Reaction Cloning and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Focus ofRickettsia typhiandRickettsia felisin Los Angeles, California

Abramowicz

Rood²,

Krueger³

et al. 2011

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Classic murine typhus, caused by Rickettsia typhi, is endemic in the continental United States in areas of Texas and southern California. We conducted an environmental investigation in an urban area of Los Angeles identified as the probable exposure site for a case of murine typhus. Four Rattus norvegicus heavily infested with Xenopsylla cheopis (average 32.5 fleas per animal, range 20-42) were trapped, and fleas, blood, and tissues were collected. DNAs from all specimens were tested for R. typhi and Rickettsia felis using a TaqMan assay targeting the rickettsial citrate synthase gene. Although rickettsiemia was not detected, DNA of R. felis was detected in at least one tissue from each rat. Tissues from 3 rats were also positive for R. typhi DNA. R. typhi and R. felis DNAs were detected in fleas collected from each animal with average minimal infection rates of 10% and 32.3%, respectively. Although R. typhi still circulates in urban Los Angeles in the classic Oriental flea-rat cycle, R. felis is more prevalent, even in this association.

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Detection of Rickettsia felis and Rickettsia typhi in an area of California endemic for murine typhus

Cited by 35 publications

References 6 publications

An Investigation ofBartonellaspp.,Rickettsia typhi, and Seoul Hantavirus in Rats (Rattusspp.) from an Inner-City Neighborhood of Vancouver, Canada: Is Pathogen Presence a Reflection of Global and Local Rat Population Structure?

An Investigation ofBartonellaspp.,Rickettsia typhi, and Seoul Hantavirus in Rats (Rattusspp.) from an Inner-City Neighborhood of Vancouver, Canada: Is Pathogen Presence a Reflection of Global and Local Rat Population Structure?

Murine Typhus in Austin, Texas, USA, 2008

Urban Focus ofRickettsia typhiandRickettsia felisin Los Angeles, California

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