Detection of rubella virus in amniotic fluid by electron microscopy

Segondy, Michel; Boulot, J.; N'Dakortamanda, Ngartoloum; Gay, Bernard; Bascoul, S; Mandin, J

doi:10.1016/0028-2243(90)90098-l

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Maternal viral infection can result in transplacental passage of the virus. This has been well-described with rubella [90,91,120–125], cytomegalovirus [90,91,126–154], HIV [155–172], parvovirus [173–176] and others [143,177–189]. Ascending viral infection from the cervix into the amniotic cavity can also occur, as is the case with herpes virus type 2 [183,190], human papilloma virus (HPV) [191–195] and others [99,142].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Viral invasion of the amniotic cavity (VIAC) in the midtrimester of pregnancy

Gervasi¹,

Romero²,

Bracalente³

et al. 2012

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine

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The prevalence of viral infections in the amniotic fluid (AF) has not yet been ascertained. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of specific viral nucleic acids in the AF and its relationship to pregnancy outcome. Study design From a cohort of 847 consecutive women undergoing midtrimester amniocentesis, 729 cases were included in this study after exclusion of documented fetal anomalies, chromosomal abnormalities, unavailability of AF specimens and clinical outcomes. AF specimens were tested by quantitative real-time PCR for the presence of genome sequences of the following viruses: adenoviruses, herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), parvovirus B19 and enteroviruses. Viral nucleic acid testing was also performed in maternal blood and cord blood in the population of women in whom AF was positive for viruses and in a control group of 29 women with AF negative for viral nucleic acids. The relationship between the presence of viruses and pregnancy and neonatal outcome was examined. The correlation between the presence of nucleic acids of viruses in the AF and the concentration of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the T cell chemokine CXCL-10 (or IP-10) in AF and maternal blood were analyzed. Results Viral genome sequences were found in 16 of 729 (2.2%) AF samples. HHV6 was the most commonly detected virus (7 cases, 1.0%), followed by HCMV (6 cases, 0.8%), parvovirus B19 (2 cases, 0.3%) and EBV (1 case, 0.1%), while HSV, VZV, enteroviruses and adenoviruses were not found in this cohort. Corresponding viral DNA was also detected in maternal blood of six out of seven women with HHV6-positive AF and in the umbilical cord plasma, which was available in one case. In contrast, viral DNA was not detected in maternal blood of women with AF positive for parvovirus B19, HCMV, EBV or of women with AF negative for viruses. HHV6 genome copy number in AF and maternal blood was consistent with genomic integration of viral DNA and genetic infection in all women. There was no significant difference in the AF concentration of IL-6 and IP-10 between patients with and without VIAC. However, for HCMV, there was a significant relationship between viral copy number and IP-10 concentration in maternal blood and AF. The group of women with AF positive for viral DNA delivered at term healthy neonates without complications in 14 out of 16 cases. In one case of HHV6 infection in the AF, the patient developed gestational hypertension at term, and in another case of HHV6 infection in the AF, the patient delivered at 33 weeks after preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Conclusion Viral nucleic acids are detectable in 2.2% of AF samples obtained from asymptomatic women in the midtrimester. HHV6 was the most frequently detected virus in AF. Adenoviruses were not detected. Vertical transmission of HHV6 was demonstrated in one case.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Viral invasion of the amniotic cavity (VIAC) in the midtrimester of pregnancy

Gervasi¹,

Romero²,

Bracalente³

et al. 2012

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine

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“…The various forms of membrane changes in virus-infected cells have been sum marized by Dalton and Haguenau [13], but are optically demonstrated in the present work. Although attempts have been made to observe the rubella virus in amniotic fluid 64 Straussbcrg/Amir/Harel/Djaldetti Ultrastructurc of Amniocytes in Rubella samples using electron microscopy [14], a de scription of both internal and external altera tions due to the virus had not been reported to the best of our knowledge. More experience is needed before a final evaluation of the role of the electron microscopy examination of the amniotic cells in the diagnosis of viral dis eases of the fetus and especially rubella is achieved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural Alterations of the Amniocytes in 2 Patients with Rubella during the First Trimester of Pregnancy

et al. 1995

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The amniotic fluid cells of 2 patients with rubella at the 18th week of pregnancy were obtained during therapeutic abortion and examined with a transmission and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In comparison with amniocytes of healthy women, those of rubella patients showed marked alterations, consisting of lack of heterochromatin, almost complete disappearance of the electrondense cytoplasmic layer and membrane changes. The membrane damage was clearly demonstrated by SEM and was expressed by a decrease in the number and size of microvilli. Although more experience is needed for evaluation of the ultrastructure of the amniotic fluid cells in rubella patients, these findings may serve as an additional tool for the intrauterine diagnosis of rubella.

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Detection of rubella virus in amniotic fluid by electron microscopy

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Viral invasion of the amniotic cavity (VIAC) in the midtrimester of pregnancy

Viral invasion of the amniotic cavity (VIAC) in the midtrimester of pregnancy

Ultrastructural Alterations of the Amniocytes in 2 Patients with Rubella during the First Trimester of Pregnancy

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