Detection of ryanodine receptor target‐site mutations in diamide insecticide‐resistant Spodoptera frugiperda in China

Abstract

Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a widely distributed pest of corn. Since it invaded China in 2018, it has caused serious damage to local corn production. Chlorantraniliprole, an anthranilic diamide insecticide, has been widely used to control lepidopteran pests. Tetrachloropyramid is a new allosteric modulator insecticide developed based on chlorantraniliprole, so it has a similar mechanism and insecticidal effect. In this study, we investigated resistance levels to chlorantraniliprole and tetrachloropyramid in S. frugiperda from 13 populations in China. Among the populations tested, the relative highest resistance to chlorantraniliprole occurred in the Guangzhou population, and the most susceptible to chlorantraniliprole was found in the Wuhan population. The lethal dosage LD 50 value of the Guangzhou population against chlorantraniliprole was 27.8-fold higher than that of the Wuhan population. Minimal differences were observed among S. frugiperda populations in terms of sensitivity to tetrachloropyramid. Heterozygous mutations at the I4734 site of the ryanodine receptor (RyR) were found, while no mutations were found in the G4891 site. The mutations were detected in only two of the 786 individuals analyzed, one from the Qinzhou population and other from the Anshun population (frequency below 2% in both cases). There were no significant differences in the expression levels of RyR between Guangzhou and Wuhan populations. In summary, our results indicate that: (i) S. frugiperda has low resistance levels to diamide insecticides in China; and (ii) the differences in relative resistance among the 13 populations analyzed are not caused by the mutations in RyR or the expression of RyR.

Baseline Susceptibility of Spodoptera frugiperda Populations Collected in India towards Different Chemical Classes of Insecticides

“…The same mutation has been shown to confer diamide resistance in a few other lepidopteran pests such as diamondback moth, beet armyworm and tomato leafminer [45]. However, the frequency of this resistance allele in FAW field populations seems very low, as it was not yet detected in populations collected outside Brazil [32,34,44], except China where it was detected at very low frequency in a FAW population showing low levels of diamide resistance [46]. However, it remains elusive and needs to be analyzed if the moderate RR obtained for flubendiamide in our study is due to an increased detoxification capacity or the presence of a ryanodine receptor target-site mutation, or both.…”

Resistance bioassays and allele characterisation inform analysis ofSpodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) introduction pathways in Asia and Australia

“…It will also be important to understand gene flow patterns between different populations. Early detection of potential future introductions into Australia of novel resistance genes/alleles should also be a priority; for example, the VGSC L1014 resistance allele and the ACE G227A resistance allele from Southeast Asia (Boaventura et al 2020a) and China (Guo et al 2020), ryanodine receptor (RyR) resistance alleles from Brazil and China (Bolzan et al 2019, Boaventura et al 2020b, Lv et al 2021) and ABCC2 resistance alleles from the Americas (Banerjee et al 2017, Flagel et al 2018, Guan et al 2020, Yainna et al 2021).…”

“…China (Guo et al 2020), ryanodine receptor (RyR) resistance alleles from Brazil and China (Bolzan et al 2019, Boaventura et al 2020b, Lv et al 2021) and ABCC2 resistance alleles from the Americas (Banerjee et al 2017, Flagel et al 2018, Guan et al 2020, Yainna et al 2021.…”

“…insecticidal and Bt control agents is increasingly investigated at recently impacted localities (e.g.,Worku and Ebabuye 2019, Deshmukh et al 2020, Zhang et al 2020, Kulye et al 2021, Lv et al 2021). However, the diverse bioassay methods (approach, larval stage, scoring criteria) used in these studies complicate meaningfullycomparison of findings.…”

FAWMine: An integrated database and analysis platform for fall armyworm genomics

“…Each strain has its own strain‐specific physiological traits, leading to some strain‐specific responses to biological and chemical agents (Unbehend et al ., 2014). The control efficiency for FAWs has been hampered due to a lack of species‐specific insecticides and FAWs hiding inside the stem of maize (Yu et al ., 2003; Lv et al ., 2021). However, some new control strategies are under development, such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)‐transgene plants and the introduction of natural enemies (Huang, 2021; Dimase et al ., 2021; Guan et al ., 2021).…”