Detection of salivary immunoglobulin A antibodies to HIV-1 in infants and children

Archibald, David W.; Johnson, John P.; Nair, Prasanna; Alger, Lindsay S.; Hebert, Carla; Davis, Ellen D.; Hines, Scott

doi:10.1097/00002030-199005000-00006

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Considering the total mean salivary IgA levels among HIV seropositive and seronegative children, only 4 studies presented data to be included in the meta‐analysis. Archibald et al reported per milligram of salivary albumin in median and 25th to 75th percentile; hence, this study was excluded from quantitative synthesis. The authors were contacted to collect missing data, but no response was obtained.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quality of 3 studies was regarded as high, since these studies received a score ≥ 7 with low risk of bias (Tables and ). The risk of bias was considered moderate in 2 studies and high in one study assessed …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed to answer the following focused question: “Is salivary IgA level a potential biomarker for immunosuppression in HIV‐positive children?” Through the literature search, 6 studies were identified of which nearly 66.6% (n = 4) studies showed that salivary IgA levels were significantly lower among HIV‐positive children compared with controls. Results by Archibald et al also suggested that since saliva can be collected noninvasively from infants and children, it is a useful tool for assessing antibodies associated with immunosuppression (including sIgA) in contrast to more invasive techniques such as venipunctures. These results suggest that assessment of salivary IgA concentration could be a biomarker for the assessment of immunosuppression in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These proteins act as potential biomarkers that could facilitate the screening of oral and systemic inflammatory diseases . Another advantage of using saliva for screening purposes is that saliva can be collected noninvasively using simple methods such as expectoration . The type of saliva samples required for a particular study depends upon the objectives of the investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is salivary IgA level a potential biomarker for immunosuppression in HIV‐positive children? A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Javed

Akram

Binshabaib

et al. 2017

Reviews in Medical Virology

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The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether or not assessment of salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels could be a potential biomarker for immunosuppression in HIV-positive children. The Patient, Exposure, Comparative, Outcome question was "Is sIgA level a potential biomarker for immunosuppression in HIV-positive children?" Electronic and manual literature searches were conducted in indexed databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, and SCOPUS databases) up to and including June 2017. The primary outcome was total mean salivary levels of IgA among HIV seropositive and seronegative children (controls). The weighted mean differences (WMD) of outcomes and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for total mean salivary IgA levels were calculated using a random effect model. Six studies were included. Three studies showed significantly lower salivary IgA levels in HIV-infected children compared with controls. Two studies showed comparable IgA levels in HIV infected and controls. One study showed significantly higher levels of salivary IgA in HIV-infected children as compared to controls. Considering the total mean salivary IgA levels among HIV seropositive and seronegative children, a high degree of heterogeneity (Q value = 254.09, P < .0001, I = 98.82%) was noticed among both groups. The overall WMD was not significant (WMD = -1.18, 95% CI, -1.91 to -0.44, P = .39). Whether salivary IgA level is a potential biomarker for immunosuppression in HIV-positive children remains debatable because of limited information available in the current literature. Further, high-quality case-control studies with larger sample size and more solid methodological aspects are required.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is salivary IgA level a potential biomarker for immunosuppression in HIV‐positive children? A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Javed

Akram

Binshabaib

et al. 2017

Reviews in Medical Virology

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“…Specificity was 95 to 97% between ages 1 and 6 months. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] We are aware of only one study that investigated the value of HIV IgA in saliva in infants 12 and no studies for urine. Saliva had lower sensitivity than serum in infants Ͻ12 months, and urine had very low sensitivity.…”

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confidence: 99%

IgA antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus in serum, saliva and urine for early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection in Ugandan infants

Machado

Kayita

Bakaki

et al. 2003

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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The value of HIV-1 IgA antibodies for early diagnosis of HIV infection in infants in serum, saliva and urine was investigated at Mulago Hospital, Kampala. Sensitivity and specificity in serum of HIV-infected infants at different ages were: 0 to1 months, 88 and 95%; 1 to 3 months, 88 and 97%; 4 to 6 months, 80 and 96%. They decreased between 67 and 77% and 80 to 91%, respectively, in older age groups. Sensitivity for saliva was lower (53 to 79%) and urine only 37 to 62%, although specificity was reasonably high (>85%). The high proportion of infants with raised HIV IgA in the first months of life (88%) may represent prenatal infection. Sensitivity of serum and especially salivary and urinary HIV IgA is too low to be of practical value for early diagnosis of HIV infection in infants. Jorge E. Morgado de Moura Machado, M.D., Ph.D., D.T.M.&P.H., M.Trop.Med. FIG. 1. IgA in serum (n ϭ 545), saliva (n ϭ 540) and urine (n ϭ 514) stratified by age.

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Non‐invasive virological diagnosis: Are saliva and urine specimens adequate substitutes for blood?

Mortimer¹,

Parry²

1991

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Detection of salivary immunoglobulin A antibodies to HIV-1 in infants and children

Cited by 31 publications

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Is salivary IgA level a potential biomarker for immunosuppression in HIV‐positive children? A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Is salivary IgA level a potential biomarker for immunosuppression in HIV‐positive children? A systematic review and meta‐analysis

IgA antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus in serum, saliva and urine for early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection in Ugandan infants

Non‐invasive virological diagnosis: Are saliva and urine specimens adequate substitutes for blood?

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