Detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and inflammatory cytokines in saliva-a pilot study

Wadhwa, Sunil; Yoon, Angela J.; Kister, Karolina; Bolin, I.; Chintalapudi, N.; Besmer, A.; Cantos, A.; Shah, Jinali; Gaitonde, S.K.; Granger, Steve W.; Bryce, Crystal I.; Fischer, Ricardo Guimarães; Eisig, S.B.; Yin, Michael T.

doi:10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.02.008

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Its levels were slightly higher in the current patient group E suffering from both COVID-19 and periodontal disease (4.98 ± 12.94 pg/ml) compared to levels reported in periodontal disease by Corrêa et al ., 2019 (0.0–0.2 pg/ml), and in COVID-19 subjects by Wadhwa et al ., 2023 (3.16 ± 2.39 pg/ml). [ 15 30 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence of inflammatory response: Salivary cytokine dynamics in coronavirus disease 2019 and periodontal disease

Gupta,

Mohindra,

Ramola

et al. 2024

Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology

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Background: Periodontal disease is associated with immune dysregulation, and cytokines released can add on to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated cytokine storm, further worsening the related adverse outcomes. Specific studies investigating cytokine levels in COVID-19 patients with periodontal disease are lacking. Examining the correlation between these conditions could aid in categorizing risk categories, determining referrals, and strengthening oral hygiene protocols. The current study sought to evaluate cytokine levels in the saliva of COVID-19-positive patients with and without periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six COVID-19-positive patients were subjected to periodontal examination, saliva collection, and assessment of cytokine levels through cytokine bead-based multiplex assay, using fluorescence-encoded beads with flow cytometry (BD FACS LSRFortessa). Eleven cytokines were assessed (interleukin [IL] 2, 4, 6, 10, 17A, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 8/IL 8, CXCL 9/monokine-induced gamma interferon [MIG]), and CXCL 10 (chemokine IFN-gamma inducible protein 10 kDa). The cytokine levels of the recruited subjects were also compared graphically with the salivary cytokine levels reported in the literature for health, COVID-19, and periodontal disease alone. Results: Out of 26 COVID-19-positive patients, 17 had periodontal disease. Levels of all cytokines were raised in patients with both diseases when compared to values reported in literature for health, periodontal disease alone, or COVID-19 alone. However, there was no statistical difference among the recruited subjects for IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-gamma, TNF-α, CCL2, CXCL 8, and CXCL 10. MIG levels were found to be higher in periodontally healthy, COVID-19-positive subjects (P = 0.01). Conclusions: Periodontal disease might contribute to the COVID-19-induced cytokine storm, potentially amplifying its impact.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence of inflammatory response: Salivary cytokine dynamics in coronavirus disease 2019 and periodontal disease

Gupta,

Mohindra,

Ramola

et al. 2024

Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology

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“…Non-obesity-associated inflammation appears to affect taste perception, as it became particularly evident in recent studies related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 patients with xerostomia and taste loss showed 28% increased concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 8 (IL-8) in serum compared to a group without taste loss . However, it has to be noted that changes in taste also often occur in cancer-related xerostomia, as summarized by Galaniha and Nolden .…”

Section: Inflammation As a Key Driver For Sensory Deviations?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…COVID-19 patients with xerostomia and taste loss showed 28% increased concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 8 (IL-8) in serum compared to a group without taste loss. 21 However, it has to be noted that changes in taste also often occur in cancer-related xerostomia, as summarized by Galaniha and Nolden. 22 Also, other inflammatory diseases are linked to changes in the perception of sensory signals.…”

Section: Inflammation As a Key Driver For Sensory Deviations?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Perspective on the Plasticity of Taste Perception: Is Food- and Exercise-Induced Inflammation Associated with Sweet Taste Sensitivity and Preference?

Kimmeswenger,

Lieder

2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Obesity-related inflammation has been linked to decreased taste sensitivity and changes in the transcriptome of the taste apparatus. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines can also be found to be food-associated in individuals who consume high amounts of long-chain saturated fatty acids and sucrose independent of the body composition or individuals who exercise intensively. Previous research suggests a link between taste sensitivity and food choices. However, the interplay between food- or exercise-induced low-grade inflammation, taste perception, and food choices remains unaddressed. Understanding this relationship could provide an unnoticed explanation for interindividual differences in taste perception that influences dietary habits.

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The Mouth as a Site of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Atyeo,

Perez,

Matuck

et al. 2024

Curr Oral Health Rep

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Purpose of Review During the height of the coronavirus pandemic, the oral cavity was recognized as a critically important site for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The purpose of this review is to analyze the literature surrounding SARS-CoV-2 entry, replication, and transmission and the resulting impact on host tissues in the oral cavity. Recent Findings The detection of viral genetic material in saliva allows for widespread surveillance testing and emphasizes the importance of viral transmission through shed in saliva. As the cohort of patients who have recovered from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection grows, several questions remain about the long-term impacts of viral infection on the oral tissues, including whether the oral cavity may serve as a persistent viral reservoir. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the viral life cycle in the diverse tissues of the oral cavity is warranted. We conclude with a broad outlook on the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the oral cavity and how these effects may relate to the post-acute coronavirus syndrome sequelae experienced by recovered patients. Summary SARS-CoV-2 can enter and replicate in the oral cavity and be spread between individuals via shed in saliva. Several acute oral manifestations of infection have been reported, and the lingering effects of infection on oral tissues are an area of ongoing investigation.

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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and inflammatory cytokines in saliva-a pilot study

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

Convergence of inflammatory response: Salivary cytokine dynamics in coronavirus disease 2019 and periodontal disease

Convergence of inflammatory response: Salivary cytokine dynamics in coronavirus disease 2019 and periodontal disease

Novel Perspective on the Plasticity of Taste Perception: Is Food- and Exercise-Induced Inflammation Associated with Sweet Taste Sensitivity and Preference?

The Mouth as a Site of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

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