Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater in Japan during a COVID-19 outbreak

Hata, Akihiko; Hara-Yamamura, Hiroe; Meuchi, Yuno; Imai, Shota; Honda, Ryo

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143578

Cited by 197 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…These inhibitors are likely to impact the PCR efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Moreover, considering that some the SARS-CoV-2 positive samples in these studies resulted in low detected concentrations (<1 copy/reaction), it is also possible that the target gene was occasionally absent in the reaction mixture, resulting in inconsistent results from different PCR assays [79] .…”

Section: Key Uncertainties For Estimating Sars-cov-2 Prevalence‘mentioning

confidence: 98%

Uncertainties in estimating SARS-CoV-2 prevalence by wastewater-based epidemiology

Zhang

Shi

et al. 2021

Chemical Engineering Journal

172

139

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Section: Key Uncertainties For Estimating Sars-cov-2 Prevalence‘mentioning

confidence: 98%

Uncertainties in estimating SARS-CoV-2 prevalence by wastewater-based epidemiology

Zhang

Shi

et al. 2021

Chemical Engineering Journal

172

139

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“…Modelling suggests that for SARS-CoV-2, detection in community wastewater of one positive case per 100 to 2,000,000 non-infected people is theoretically feasible (Hart and Halden 2020 ; Kitajima et al 2020 ). A study in Japan reported that SARS-CoV-2 RNA could be detected in WWTPs when the number of total confirmed cases was as low as 1 in 100,000 people but that detection frequency increased and became more reliable once cases were at 10 in 100,000 people or higher (Hata et al 2020 ). The detection limits for other pathogens remain unknown.…”

Section: Challenges Risks and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater-based epidemiology—surveillance and early detection of waterborne pathogens with a focus on SARS-CoV-2, Cryptosporidium and Giardia

et al. 2021

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Waterborne diseases are a major global problem, resulting in high morbidity and mortality, and massive economic costs. The ability to rapidly and reliably detect and monitor the spread of waterborne diseases is vital for early intervention and preventing more widespread disease outbreaks. Pathogens are, however, difficult to detect in water and are not practicably detectable at acceptable concentrations that need to be achieved in treated drinking water (which are of the order one per million litre). Furthermore, current clinical-based surveillance methods have many limitations such as the invasive nature of the testing and the challenges in testing large numbers of people. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), which is based on the analysis of wastewater to monitor the emergence and spread of infectious disease at a population level, has received renewed attention in light of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The present review will focus on the application of WBE for the detection and surveillance of pathogens with a focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the waterborne protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium and Giardia. The review highlights the benefits and challenges of WBE and the future of this tool for community-wide infectious disease surveillance.

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“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted January 25, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01. 23 is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted January 25, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01. 23 We developed a novel index of WW viral load, Melvin's Index, that first normalizes the Log(Genome copies/ L) data obtained from the three viral targets and then standardizes based on the normalized PMMoV data (described in Results). The R-code used to calculate Melvin's Index is available from https://github.com/glennesimmonsjr/dirtywatercooler.…”

Section: Viral Precipitation and Rna Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A goal of this study was to provide communities with a readily interpretable picture of changes in viral prevalence through WBE monitoring. Most commonly, wastewater viral load has been reported as qPCR CT or as the logarithm of genome copies per liter of wastewater 1,2,6,7,9,[23][24][25][26][27] . While those measures hold meaning for experts, they can be opaque to the communities and officials who use the information.…”

Section: Data Normalization Standardization and Creation Of A Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictive power of SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance for diverse populations across a large geographical range

Chaudhry

Georgewill

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the disparities in healthcare delivery in the US. Many communities had, and continue to have, limited access to COVID-19 testing, making it difficult to track the spread and impact of COVID-19 in early days of the outbreak. To address this issue we monitored severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA at the population-level using municipal wastewater influent from 19 cities across the state of Minnesota during the COVID-19 outbreak in Summer 2020. Viral RNA was detected in wastewater continually for 20-weeks for cities ranging in populations from 500 to >1, 000, 000. Using a novel indexing method, we were able to compare the relative levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA for each city during this sampling period. Our data showed that viral RNA trends appeared to precede clinically confirmed cases across the state by several days. Lag analysis of statewide trends confirmed that wastewater SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels preceded new clinical cases by 15-17 days. At the regional level, new clinical cases lagged behind wastewater viral RNA anywhere from 4-20 days. Our data illustrates the advantages of monitoring at the population-level to detect outbreaks. Additionally, by tracking infections with this unbiased approach, resources can be directed to the most impacted communities before the need outpaces the capacity of local healthcare systems.

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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater in Japan during a COVID-19 outbreak

Cited by 197 publications

References 52 publications

Uncertainties in estimating SARS-CoV-2 prevalence by wastewater-based epidemiology

Uncertainties in estimating SARS-CoV-2 prevalence by wastewater-based epidemiology

Wastewater-based epidemiology—surveillance and early detection of waterborne pathogens with a focus on SARS-CoV-2, Cryptosporidium and Giardia

Predictive power of SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance for diverse populations across a large geographical range

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