Detection of Serum Antibodies to Hepatitis C Virus in ‘False-Seronegative’ Blood Donors in Oman

Alnaqy, Adel; Al-Harthy, Safia; Kaminski, G.; Al-Dhahry, S. H. S.

doi:10.1159/000090914

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Serum samples from participants who had initially tested anti-HIV antibody negative for lysate and serum but had a positive HIV-1 viral load and was positive for p24 antigen were retested using procedures for immune complex dissociation as described by Troisi and Hollinger and modified by Alnaqy et al and as performed by Miles et al (1,29). In brief, 400 l of serum was added to 3.6 ml of PBS (pH 7.4) and centrifuged at 1,700 ϫ g for 20 min at room temperature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific B-Lymphocyte-Derived Antibodies in a High-Risk Population

Odinsen

Parker

Radebe

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Diagnosis of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a key driver of the HIV epidemic, remains a public health challenge. The PlasmAcute technology offers an opportunity to detect early anti-HIV antibody responses. B lymphocytes (B cells) were isolated from the blood of seronegative miners in South Africa by using the PlasmAcute method. B-cell lysates and paired sera were tested for anti-HIV-1 antibodies by two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays; immunoreactivity was confirmed by Western blotting. All volunteers were tested for HIV type 1 (HIV-1) viral load, p24 antigen, and CD4 count. Sera from HIV-seronegative men who had positive viral loads and were positive for p24 antigen were retested for anti-HIV antibodies after immune complex dissociation. Anti-HIV antibodies were detected in lysates from 16/259 subjects without immunoreactivity in paired sera. Four subjects, one of whom had a positive viral load initially, subsequently seroconverted. Six subjects showed transient anti-HIV-1 antibodies in the lysates and tested negative for all markers at the follow-up. Five subjects without follow-up data initially had lysate-positive/ serum-negative samples, and these cases were classified as inconclusive. One subject had lysate antibodies and a detectable viral load but was seronegative at follow-up. In conclusion, lysate-derived anti-HIV-1 B-cell antibodies can be detected prior to seroconversion and earlier than or contemporary with HIV-1 RNA detection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific B-Lymphocyte-Derived Antibodies in a High-Risk Population

Odinsen

Parker

Radebe

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…This may occur in patients with relatively low anti-HCV response with simultaneous massive virus replication and antigen production. To overcome this problem, procedures for dissociation of immune complexes to “liberate” antibodies are available, although they are not routinely employed (Alnaqy et al 2006; Pawlotsky et al 1996; Troisi and Hollinger 1997). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, seronegative HCV infection may be a result of the presence of viral antigenic variants which stimulate the production of antibodies not recognized in standard serologic tests (Alnaqy et al 2006; Pawlotsky et al 1996). Moreover, some HCV strains may evade host immune responses or directly infect cells of the immune system (T and B cells); (Larouche et al 2012; Sarhan et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, some HCV strains may evade host immune responses or directly infect cells of the immune system (T and B cells); (Larouche et al 2012; Sarhan et al 2012). Genetic predispositions or defects affecting humoral responses against HCV were also suggested (Alnaqy et al 2006; Larouche et al 2012; Pawlotsky et al 1996). Finally, it was also documented that seronegative infection may develop as a result of immune tolerance to HCV antigens, acquired in early life through vertical HCV transmission (Larouche et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, since the year 2000 it is obligatory in the majority of countries, including Poland (Alnaqy et al 2006; Brojer 2005; Challine et al 2004). Its introduction for each blood collection significantly increased the safety of blood and blood-derived product transfusion (Alnaqy et al 2006; Brojer 2005). For economic reasons, pooled testing of plasma collected from donors (48 or more) has been routinely performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seronegative Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Kaźmierczak

Cortés

Radkowski

2013

Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp.

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide. The routine diagnostics identifying HCV infection include testing for specific anti-HCV antibodies by enzyme-linked immnunosorbent assay and viral genetic material in serum or plasma. However, a small proportion of patients persistently infected with HCV, in whom anti-HCV are undetectable, constitute a serious diagnostic and possibly epidemiologic problem, as they could facilitate pathogen spread in the population. This type of infection is termed seronegative or serosilent. Seronegative HCV infection is currently of great interest to both scientists and physicians. The review presents epidemiological data concerning the prevalence of seronegative HCV infection in HIV/HCV co-infected individuals, hemodialysis patients, and blood and organ donors. The possible mechanisms behind this atypical course of infection are discussed. Furthermore, the differences between seronegative and occult infections and prolonged seroconversion are explained.

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Active co‐infection with HBV and/or HCV in South African HIV positive patients due for cancer therapy

Musyoki

Motswaledi

Selabe

et al. 2014

Journal of Medical Virology

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) share routes of transmission. There is limited data on the incidence of active co-infection with HBV and/or HCV in cancer patients infected with HIV in Africa. This was a prospective study based on 34 patients with varied cancer diagnosis, infected with HIV and awaiting cancer therapy in South Africa. HIV viral load, CD4+ cell counts, Alanine-aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were tested. Exposure to HBV and HCV was assessed serologically using commercial kits. Active HBV and/or HCV co-infection was detected using viral specific nested PCR assays. HCV 5'-UTR PCR products were sequenced to confirm active HCV infection. Active viral infection was detected in 64.7% of patients for HBV, 38.2% for HCV, and 29.4% for both HBV and HCV. Occult HBV infection was observed in 63.6% of the patients, while seronegative HCV infection was found in 30.8% of patients. In addition, CD4+ cell count < 350 cells/µl was not a risk factor for increased active HBV, HCV or both HBV and HCV co-infections. A total of 72.7%, 18.2% and 9.1% of the HCV sequences were assigned genotype 5, 1 and 4 respectively.The study revealed for the first time a high active HBV and/or HCV co-infection rate in cancer patients infected with HIV. The findings call for HBV and HCV testing in such patients, and where feasible, appropriate antiviral treatment be indicated, as chemotherapy or radiotherapy has been associated with reactivation of viral hepatitis and termination of cancer therapy.

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Detection of Serum Antibodies to Hepatitis C Virus in ‘False-Seronegative’ Blood Donors in Oman

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Early Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific B-Lymphocyte-Derived Antibodies in a High-Risk Population

Early Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific B-Lymphocyte-Derived Antibodies in a High-Risk Population

Seronegative Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Active co‐infection with HBV and/or HCV in South African HIV positive patients due for cancer therapy

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