Detection of shallow objects using refracted and diffracted seismic waves

Belfer, Igor; Bruner, I.; Keydar, S.; Kravtsov, An.; Landa, Evgeny

doi:10.1016/s0926-9851(97)00025-6

Cited by 61 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Models based on single scattering from spatially localized scatterers fill the range between these two end-members (e.g. Nikolaev & Troitsky 1987;Lymnes & Lay 1989;Hedlin et al 1994;Weber & Wicks 1996;Belfer et al 1998;Rietbrock & Scherbaum 1999;Müller 2000) and form the basis of diffraction-stack or pre-stack Kirchhoff depth migration (e.g. Buske 1999;Yilmaz 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging the Dead Sea Transform with scattered seismic waves

Maercklin

Haberland

Ryberg

et al. 2004

Geophysical Journal International

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S U M M A R YWith controlled seismic sources and specifically designed receiver arrays, we image a subvertical boundary between two lithological blocks at the Arava Fault (AF) in the Middle East. The AF is the main strike-slip fault of the Dead Sea Transform (DST) in the segment between the Dead Sea and the Red Sea. Our imaging (migration) method is based on array beamforming and coherence analysis of P to P scattered seismic phases. We use a 1-D background velocity model and the direct P arrival as a reference phase. Careful resolution testing is necessary, because the target volume is irregularly sampled by rays. A spread function describing energy dispersion at localized point scatterers and synthetic calculations for large planar structures provides estimates of the resolution of the images. We resolve a 7 km long steeply dipping reflector offset roughly 1 km from the surface trace of the AF. The reflector can be imaged from about 1 km down to 4 km depth. Previous and ongoing studies in this region have shown a strong contrast across the fault: low seismic velocities and electrical resistivities to the west and high velocities and resistivities to the east of it. We therefore suggest that the imaged reflector marks the contrast between young sedimentary fill in the west and Precambrian rocks in the east. If correct, the boundary between the two blocks is offset about 1 km east of the current surface trace of the AF.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging the Dead Sea Transform with scattered seismic waves

Maercklin

Haberland

Ryberg

et al. 2004

Geophysical Journal International

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“…Seismic refraction is a widely used technique to recognize shallow geology, especially elastic parameters of near-surface layers (e.g., Belfer et al, 1998;Turesson, 2007;Carvalho et al, 2009;Sloan et al, 2013). This method allows evaluation of apparent P-wave velocities and the thickness of distinguished layers.…”

Section: Seismicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Elastic Parameters of Near-Surface Layers Over Subsidence Trough Development During Longwall Exploitation

Mendecki

Jochymczyk

Zuberek

et al. 2017

Archives of Mining Sciences

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Seismic and geodetic studies were carried out before, during, and after underground exploitation of a coal bed in Katowice -Kleofas Coal Mine, located in the Upper Silesia Coal Basin, Poland. Development of a subsidence trough was completed approximately 3 months after passage of a longwall exploitation in the coal seam. This was the time required for the subsidence trough to appear on the surface, which was confirmed by levelling measurements. Sharp changes in the elastic parameters were observed on each profile during subsidence trough development. This observation can result from changing tension and compression forces caused by increase and/or decrease of the elastic parameters of the rock mass. After completion of subsidence trough development, the rock mass appeared to return to its isotropic state and the observed changes ceased. Some minor fluctuations were noted, but they probably resulted from changes in groundwater levels, which might have affected the measured parameters.Keywords: shallow seismics, wave velocity anisotropy, shear modulus, attenuation, subsidence trough, underground coal mining.Podziemna eksploatacja górnicza wywołuje niebezpieczne deformacje powierzchni terenu. W rejonie prowadzonej ścianowej eksploatacji górniczej przez KWK Katowice -Kleofas wykonano dwuletnie, cykliczne pomiary sejsmiczne oraz geodezyjne. Największe wartości składowych pionowych przemieszczeń punktów osnowy geodezyjnej zaobserwowano 3 miesiące po przejściu frontu eksploatacji ścianowej w pokładzie węgla kamiennego na głębokości ponad 600 metrów poniżej poziomu terenu. Podczas procesu wykształcania się niecki obniżeniowej stwierdzono występowanie gwałtownych zmian parametrów sprężystych płytkiego ośrodka geologicznego. Zmiana tych parametrów wynika ze zmiennego w czasie stanu naprężeń ściskających i rozciągających w skałach. Po zakończeniu procesu wykształcania się niecki obniżeniowej mierzone parametry generalnie ustabilizowały się, co świadczy o powrocie środowiska

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“…De Amorim et al 1987;Docherty 1992;Zhu et al 1992). Belfer et al (1998) combined refraction tomography, conventional intercept-time analysis and diffraction stacking to identify karst features and tunnels in Israel. Leucci (2003Leucci ( , 2004 integrated refraction tomography, electrical resistivity tomography and ground-penetrating radar to identify caves containing archeological artifacts in southern Italy, as well as mapping shallow karst aquifers and assessing their exposure to contamination.…”

Section: Previous Use Of Refraction Tomography In Karst Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of cross-valley faults in the Maynardville Limestone, Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee, using seismic refraction tomography

Atre

Carpenter

2009

Environ Earth Sci

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First arrival times from P-wave refraction and reflection seismic surveys along Bear Creek Valley on the Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee, were inverted to produce refraction tomographic velocity images showing seismic velocity variations within thinly mantled karstic bedrock to a depth of approximately 20 m. Inverted velocities are consistent with two distinct bedrock groups: the Nolichucky Shale (2,730-5,150 m/s) and Maynardville Limestone (3,940-7,575 m/s). Low-velocity zones (2,700-4,000 m/s) in the tomographic images correspond to previously inferred cross-valley strike-slip faults; in places, these faults create permeability barriers that offset or block groundwater flowing along Bear Creek Valley. These faults may also force groundwater contaminants, such as dense non-aqueous phase liquids, to migrate laterally or downward, spreading contamination throughout the groundwater system. Other, previously unmapped cross-valley faults may also be visible in the tomographic images. Borehole logs suggest the low-velocity values are caused by low rigidity fractured and vuggy rock, water zones, cavities and collapse features. Surface streams, including Bear Creek, tend to lie directly above these low-velocity zones, suggesting fault and fracture control of surface drainage, in addition to the subsurface flow system. In some cases, fault zones are also associated with bedrock depressions and thicker accumulations of unconsolidated sediment.

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Detection of shallow objects using refracted and diffracted seismic waves

Cited by 61 publications

References 16 publications

Imaging the Dead Sea Transform with scattered seismic waves

Imaging the Dead Sea Transform with scattered seismic waves

Determination of Elastic Parameters of Near-Surface Layers Over Subsidence Trough Development During Longwall Exploitation

Identification of cross-valley faults in the Maynardville Limestone, Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee, using seismic refraction tomography

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