Detection of small changes in body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

Going, Scott B.; Massett, Michael P.; Hall, Matthew C.; Bare, L.; Root, P A; Williams, Douglas; Lohman, T. G.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/57.6.845

Cited by 178 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…DXA compares well with other more complicated techniques, particularly in lean subjects. Previous studies have shown that DXA detects small changes in weight and resolves the changes in lean and fat components (Going et al, 1993;Tjellesen et al, 1997). However, DXA software is based on the assumption that hydration of FFM remains constant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition in patients with short bowel syndrome: An assessment by bioelectric impedance spectroscopy (BIS) and dual–energy absorptiometry (DXA)

2004

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Objective: To describe body composition in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) by using bioelectric impedance spectroscopy (BIS), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements and anthropometrical-derived estimates. Subjects: In all, 19 patients were included, mean age 54 y, range 36-77 (F/M¼11/8). Mean BMI was 21.5 kg/m 2 . Eight patients were on home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Methods: Total body water (TBW), intracellular water and extracellular water were assessed by BIS. TBW were derived from DXA. Fat-free mass (FFM) was assessed by BIS and DXA. TBW and FFM were predicted according to an empirical formula. Differences were analysed using the Bland-Altman method. Results: The mean difference between TBW (DXA) and TBW (BIS) was À1.1 l in women and À1.8 l in men. For FFM, the mean difference between FFM (DXA) and FFM (BIS) was À1.7 kg in women and À2.5 kg in men. The mean difference between TBW (DXA) and TBW (BIS) for all patients was -1.2 l and limits of agreement were (-7.80À5.40). Hydration of FFM assessed by BIS gave a mean of 0.75 (0.08). Conclusion: The limits of agreement (Bland-Altman) between DXA and BIS were wide, indicating that methods are not interchangeable, which limits its clinical utility. Most of our patients with SBS were maintained in a stable clinical condition within normal limits of body weight and BMI. FFM and TBW did not appear to be altered in ileostomates or those on HPN.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition in patients with short bowel syndrome: An assessment by bioelectric impedance spectroscopy (BIS) and dual–energy absorptiometry (DXA)

2004

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“…The height, weight and waist circumference were measured with the subjects wearing a light gown, but no shoes. Body composition was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar Prodigy; GE Medical Systems, Waukesha, WI, USA), which is a sensitive test to quantify changes in lean and fat mass in vivo (Going, 1993) and assessing regional fat distribution (Taylor et al, 1998). All of the scans were analyzed with Lunar software, package l.35.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term changes in gut hormones, appetite and food intake 1 year after subtotal gastrectomy with normal body weight

et al. 2010

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Background/Objectives: No prospective study on the long-term effects of gastric resection on gastrointestinal hormonal changes in patients with normal body weight has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the 1-year effect of subtotal gastrectomy on ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) 3À36 levels. Subjects/Methods: Eighteen patients with early gastric cancer underwent subtotal gastrectomy with Billroth I reconstruction. We assessed appetite, food intake, body composition, and ghrelin and PYY 3-36 levels preoperatively and 1 year after surgery. Results: There were no significant difference in the preoperative daily food intake and 1 year after subtotal gastrectomy. Weight loss occurred in all study subjects; 11.7% (n ¼ 2), 55.5% (n ¼ 10) and 33.3% (n ¼ 6) of the patients lost o5%, 5-10% and 410% of their preoperative body weight, respectively. Body mass index, waist circumference and body fat significantly decreased 1 year after subtotal gastrectomy. There were no significant differences in the appetite visual analogue scale preoperatively and 1 year after subtotal gastrectomy. The plasma ghrelin concentration decreased significantly (P ¼ 0.006), whereas PYY 3À36 did not show a significant change 1 year after subtotal gastrectomy. Conclusions: Ghrelin levels and body fat decreased significantly, whereas PYY 3À36 levels as well as appetite and food intake did not change significantly 1 year after subtotal gastrectomy with normal body weight. These findings suggest that decreased ghrelin might contribute directly to reduced body fat.

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“…However, the results were similar if BMD was used as the dependent variable in these models. In addition, lean mass measurements by DXA can be affected by the state of hydration [62]. Overestimation of muscle mass in the paretic leg may occur since swelling in the paretic arm is quite common in individuals with stroke [63].…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle strength is a determinant of bone mineral content in the hemiparetic upper extremity: Implications for stroke rehabilitation

Pang

Eng

2005

Bone

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Individuals with stroke have a high incidence of bone fractures and approximately 30% of these fractures occur in the upper extremity. The high risk of falls and the decline in bone and muscle health make the chronic stroke population particularly prone to upper extremity fractures. This was the first study to investigate the bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD) and soft tissue composition of the upper extremities and their relationship to stroke-related impairments in ambulatory individuals with chronic stroke (onset >1 year). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to acquire total body scans on 56 (22 women) communitydwelling individuals (≥50 years of age) with chronic stroke. BMC (g) and BMD (g/cm 2 ), lean mass (g) and fat mass (g) for each arm were derived from the total body scans. The paretic upper extremity was evaluated for muscle strength (hand-held dynamometry), spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale), impairment of motor function (Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment) and amount of use of the paretic arm in daily activities (Motor Activity Log). Results showed that the paretic arm had significantly lower BMC (13.8%, p<0.001), BMD (4.5%, p<0.001) and lean mass (9.0%, p<0.001) but higher fat mass (6.3%, p=0.028) than the non-paretic arm. Multiple regression analysis showed that lean mass in the paretic arm, height and muscle strength were significant predictors (R 2 =0.810, p<0.001) of the paretic arm BMC. Height, muscle strength and gender were significant predictors (R 2 =0.822, p<0.001) of lean mass in the paretic arm. These results highlight the potential of muscle strengthening to promote bone health of the paretic arm in individuals with chronic stroke.

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Detection of small changes in body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

Cited by 178 publications

References 18 publications

Body composition in patients with short bowel syndrome: An assessment by bioelectric impedance spectroscopy (BIS) and dual–energy absorptiometry (DXA)

Body composition in patients with short bowel syndrome: An assessment by bioelectric impedance spectroscopy (BIS) and dual–energy absorptiometry (DXA)

Long-term changes in gut hormones, appetite and food intake 1 year after subtotal gastrectomy with normal body weight

Muscle strength is a determinant of bone mineral content in the hemiparetic upper extremity: Implications for stroke rehabilitation

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