Detection of Sporadic Cases of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection in China Using Immunoassays Based on Recombinant Open Reading Frame 2 and 3 Polypeptides from HEV Genotype 4

Wang, Youchun; Huayuan, Zhang; Li, Zhuo; Gu, Wen‐Jie; Lan, Haiyuan; 郝娃,; Ling, Roger; He-min, LI; Harrison, Tim J.

doi:10.1128/jcm.39.12.4370-4379.2001

Cited by 65 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…(29). Most of these EIAs employ for antibody capture antigens that are derived from HEV genotypes 1 and 2 and so may not be sufficiently sensitive to detect heterotypic antibodies generated in human and animal hosts infected by genotype 3 (19,24,45,48) or genotype 4 (2,23,62). Moreover, some indirect EIAs tend to generate false-positive reactivities (52,65) and therefore require, in order to validate the specificity of their reactivities, the extra steps of neutralization, immunoblotting, or prior production of genus-specific positive controls (1,12,35,45).…”

Section: Dasa Reactivity In Diverse Animal Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, in most assays, the antigens used for antibody capture are derived from HEV genotype 1 or genotypes 1 and 2. Because the HEV genotypes thus far identified to infect animals belong instead to genotype 3, genotype 4, and the newer putative genotypes, the possibility that low antibody detection rates reflect weak binding of antibody to heterotypic antigens rather than true antibody absence (2,19,24,44,45,48,62) cannot be excluded.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Restricted Enzooticity of Hepatitis E Virus Genotypes 1 to 4 in the United States

et al. 2011

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Hepatitis E is recognized as a zoonosis, and swine are known reservoirs, but how broadly enzootic its causative agent, hepatitis E virus (HEV), is remains controversial. To determine the prevalence of HEV infection in animals, a serological assay with capability to detect anti-HEV-antibody across a wide variety of animal species was devised. Recombinant antigens comprising truncated capsid proteins generated from HEV-subgenomic constructs that represent all four viral genotypes were used to capture anti-HEV in the test sample and as an analyte reporter. To facilitate development and validation of the assay, serum samples were assembled from blood donors (n ‫؍‬ 372), acute hepatitis E patients (n ‫؍‬ 94), five laboratory animals (rhesus monkey, pig, New Zealand rabbit, Wistar rat, and BALB/c mouse) immunized with HEV antigens, and four pigs experimentally infected with HEV. The assay was then applied to 4,936 sera collected from 35 genera of animals that were wild, feral, domesticated, or otherwise held captive in the United States. Test positivity was determined in 457 samples (9.3%). These originated from: bison (3/65, 4.6%), cattle (174/1,156, 15%), dogs (2/212, 0.9%), Norway rats (2/318, 0.6%), farmed swine (267/648, 41.2%), and feral swine (9/306, 2.9%). Only the porcine samples yielded the highest reactivities. HEV RNA was amplified from one farmed pig and two feral pigs and characterized by nucleotide sequencing to belong to genotype 3. HEV infected farmed swine primarily, and the role of other animals as reservoirs of its zoonotic spread appears to be limited.Hepatitis E virus (HEV), the causative agent of hepatitis E, is a nonenveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus that belongs to the Hepeviridae family (11). Among the mammalian HEV, at least four genotypes have been recognized (47). In addition, two putative genotypes of HEV, one genotype from the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) (25) and the other from a wild boar (56), were recently reported. In addition to mammalian HEV strains, avian HEV (38) and the newly described cutthroat trout virus represent new genera (3). Among mammalian HEV, genotypes 1 and 2 are primarily associated with fecal-oral transmission among humans which in developing countries can lead to waterborne epidemics of jaundice. Genotypes 3 and 4 circulate in humans and several animal species, and are associated with sporadic infection among humans in industrialized countries (57). Hepatitis E is mostly self-limiting but can progress to fulminant liver failure especially in pregnant women, and chronic HEV infection resulting in cirrhosis has been observed among solid-organ-transplant recipients and other immunosuppressed people (32).HEV infection and hepatitis E in industrialized countries, including the United States, are more common than previously recognized (33,58). A study conducted in a large civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population found an average anti-HEV-IgG seroprevalence rate of 21%, with a strongly positive

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Section: Dasa Reactivity In Diverse Animal Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Restricted Enzooticity of Hepatitis E Virus Genotypes 1 to 4 in the United States

et al. 2011

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“…ORF2 encodes the capsid protein of about 660 amino acids (aa). The small ORF3 encodes a phosphoprotein of about 123 aa, the biological function of which has yet to be fully defined (14,15,31,50,55,58,60). Though ORF1 is essential for HEV replication, it contains a highly heterogeneous and hypervariable region (HVR) among HEV strains (25,32,44,53).…”

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confidence: 99%

Deletions of the Hypervariable Region (HVR) in Open Reading Frame 1 of Hepatitis E Virus Do Not Abolish Virus Infectivity: Evidence for Attenuation of HVR Deletion Mutants In Vivo

Pudupakam

Huang

Opriessnig

et al. 2009

J Virol

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“…Wang et al [10] reported that most sporadic cases of HEV infection in China are caused by HEV genotype IV [10]. Our case was not exceptional.…”

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confidence: 52%

A Genotype IV Hepatitis E Virus Strain That May Be Indigenous to Changchun, China

et al. 2003

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We sequenced the RNA genome of hepatitis E virus (HEV) recovered from an acute hepatitis patient living in Changchun, China. The HEV-CCC220 isolate thus obtained was 7,193 nt in length and contained ORF1 (5,121 nt, 1,706 aa), ORF2 (2,025 nt, 674 aa), and ORF3 (345 nt, 114 aa) plus uncompleted 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions. When compared with full-genome isolates so far reported, the CCC220 isolate segregated to genotype IV although the nucleotide similarity to the previous genotype IV isolates was only 83.9–85.6%. Comparison of a partial sequence (300 nt) within the ORF2 between the genotype IV isolates from China, Taiwan and Japan also indicated the phylogenetic uniqueness of the CCC220 isolate: even the highest homology was less than 90%. These findings suggest that the CCC220 isolate might represent HEV strains that are indigenous to Changchun, China.

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Detection of Sporadic Cases of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection in China Using Immunoassays Based on Recombinant Open Reading Frame 2 and 3 Polypeptides from HEV Genotype 4

Cited by 65 publications

References 34 publications

Restricted Enzooticity of Hepatitis E Virus Genotypes 1 to 4 in the United States

Restricted Enzooticity of Hepatitis E Virus Genotypes 1 to 4 in the United States

Deletions of the Hypervariable Region (HVR) in Open Reading Frame 1 of Hepatitis E Virus Do Not Abolish Virus Infectivity: Evidence for Attenuation of HVR Deletion Mutants In Vivo

A Genotype IV Hepatitis E Virus Strain That May Be Indigenous to Changchun, China

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