Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae Type B by Real-Time PCR from Dried Blood Spot Samples among Children with Pneumonia: A Useful Approach for Developing Countries

Selva, Laura; Benmessaoud, Rachid; Lanaspa, Miguel; Jroundi, Imane; Moraleda, Cinta; Acácio, Sozinho; Iñigo, Melania; Bastiani, Alien; Monsonís, Manuel; Pallarés, Román; Bassat, Quique; Muñoz-Almagro, Carmen

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076970

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…30 One study confirmed culture results with molecular diagnostics (PCR), 14 and four compared culture and PCR on all specimens. 16,18,33,34 None of the studies assessing incidence of disease compared the performance of molecular versus culture methods. Studies that utilized molecular diagnostics for all specimens or to confirm culture-positive specimens documented an overall incidence rate of 86.7 (95% CI 22.6, 332.9)/100,000 person-years compared to 30.1 (95% CI 3.1, 289.8)/100,000 person-years for studies that used culture only.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood pneumococcal disease in Africa – A systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility

Tam

Thielen

Obaro

et al. 2017

Vaccine

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Background Determining the incidence, disease-associated serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among children in Africa is essential in order to monitor the impact of these infections prior to widespread introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). Methods To provide updated estimates of the incidence, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing disease in Africa, we performed a systematic review of articles published from 2000–2015 using Ovid Medline and Embase. We included prospective and surveillance studies that applied predefined diagnostic criteria. Meta-analysis for all pooled analyses was based on random-effects models. Results We included 38 studies consisting of 386,880 participants in 21 countries over a total of 350,613 person-years. The pooled incidence of IPD was 62.6 (95% CI 16.9, 226.5) per 100,000 person-years, including meningitis which had a pooled incidence of 24.7 (95% CI 11.9, 51.6) per 100,000 person-years. The pooled prevalence of penicillin susceptibility was 78.1% (95% CI 61.9, 89.2). Cumulatively, PCV10 and PCV13 included 66.9% (95% CI 55.9, 76.7) and 80.6% (95% CI 66.3, 90.5) of IPD serotypes, respectively. Conclusions Our study provides an integrated and robust summary of incidence data, serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility for S. pneumoniae in children ≤5 years of age in Africa prior to widespread introduction of PCV on the continent. The heterogeneity of studies and wide range of incidence rates across the continent indicate that surveillance efforts should be intensified in all regions of Africa to improve the integrity of epidemiologic data, vaccine impact and cost benefit. Although the incidence of IPD in young children in Africa is substantial, currently available conjugate vaccines are estimated to cover the majority of invasive disease-causing pneumococcal serotypes. These data provide a reliable baseline from which to monitor the impact of the broad introduction of PCV.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood pneumococcal disease in Africa – A systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility

Tam

Thielen

Obaro

et al. 2017

Vaccine

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“…DBS collection can overcome the obstacles associated with the collection and storage of biological samples. DBS may be suitable for the detection of infectious pathogens by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) [15]. RT-PCR, as is known, is a sensitive and specific method, which allows for the detection of a great number of pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other molecular techniques such as blood PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assays have the benefit of reducing these short comings and of identifying pneumonia etiology quickly. Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling is a simple method that does not need very large volumes of any given sample, which is essential for any pediatric test and screening of large populations, especially in countries where healthcare facilities are not readily accessible [15]. DBS has been described as easily transportable and able to identify and serotype S. p. at room temperature [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors That Negatively Affect the Prognosis of Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia in District Hospital in Tanzania

Caggiano

Ullmann

Vitis

et al. 2017

IJMS

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Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is still the most important cause of death in countries with scarce resources. All children (33 months ± 35 DS) discharged from the Pediatric Unit of Itigi Hospital, Tanzania, with a diagnosis of CAP from August 2014 to April 2015 were enrolled. Clinical data were gathered. Dried blood spot (DBS) samples for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for bacterial detection were collected in all 100 children included. Twenty-four percent of patients were identified with severe CAP and 11% died. Surprisingly, 54% of patients were admitted with a wrong diagnosis, which increased complications, the need for antibiotics and chest X-rays, and the length of hospitalization. Comorbidity, found in 32% of children, significantly increased severity, complications, deaths, need for chest X-rays, and oxygen therapy. Malnourished children (29%) required more antibiotics. Microbiologically, Streptococcus pneumonia (S. p.), Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. a.) were the bacteria more frequently isolated. Seventy-five percent of patients had mono-infection. Etiology was not correlated with severity, complications, deaths, oxygen demand, or duration of hospitalization. Our study highlights that difficult diagnoses and comorbidities negatively affect clinical evolution. S. p. and Hib still play a large role; thus, implementation of current vaccine strategies is needed. DBS is a simple and efficient diagnostic method for bacterial identification in countries with scarce resources.

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“…Dignosis of Pneumonia RT-PCR [209] 72. Succinylacetone Diagnose of Tyrosinemia type 1 LC-MS/MS [210] 73.…”

Section: S Pneumoniae and H Influenzae Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dried blood spots: Concepts, present status, and future perspectives in bioanalysis

Sharma

Jaiswal

Shukla

et al. 2014

Drug Testing and Analysis

144

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Over the past several years, dried blood spot (DBS) sampling technique has emerged as a pertinent method in both qualitative and quantitative bioanalysis context. In the DBS method, the blood sample is directly soaked on to a paper (with or without treatment). After drying it can be analyzed by modern analytical, immunological, or genomic detection systems. Several advantages of the DBS technique such as low blood volume requirement, transportation and storage without special treatment, better analytes stability, enhanced clinical cooperation in clinical trials, and reduced unforeseeable exposure of analysts to biohazards, make it the most appropriate blood sampling technique. This review illustrates the information available on the DBS method which may serve as a single window for investigators in the field of bioanalysis. Also, it explores the proficiency and appliance of the DBS method in pharmacokinetic (PK), therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), toxicokinetic (TK), metabolomic, and disease diagnosis.

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Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae Type B by Real-Time PCR from Dried Blood Spot Samples among Children with Pneumonia: A Useful Approach for Developing Countries

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Childhood pneumococcal disease in Africa – A systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility

Childhood pneumococcal disease in Africa – A systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility

Factors That Negatively Affect the Prognosis of Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia in District Hospital in Tanzania

Dried blood spots: Concepts, present status, and future perspectives in bioanalysis

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