Detection of Subclinical Mastitis from On-Line Milking Parlor Data

Nielen, M.; Schukken, Y.H.; Brand, A.; Deluyker, Hubert; Maatje, K.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(95)76720-0

Cited by 49 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Thus, one can infer from these results that changes in the paracellular pathway that are caused by the modified apical medium are sufficient to allow for the permeation of albumin into the milk. Both the appearance of albumin and the elevation in electrolytes have been used as clinical measures of mastitis (9,18,23). The fact that milk conductivity is used as an early indicator of mastitis suggests, but does not demonstrate, that changes in milk electrolyte composition precede changes in the epithelial barrier integrity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apical electrolyte concentration modulates barrier function and tight junction protein localization in bovine mammary epithelium

Quesnell

Erickson²,

Schultz³

2007

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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Quesnell RR, Erickson J, Schultz BD. Apical electrolyte concentration modulates barrier function and tight junction protein localization in bovine mammary epithelium. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 292: C305-C318, 2007. First published August 2, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00567.2005In vitro mammary epithelial cell models typically fail to form a consistently tight barrier that can effectively separate blood from milk. Our hypothesis was that mammary epithelial barrier function would be affected by changes in luminal ion concentration and inflammatory cytokines. Bovine mammary epithelial (BME-UV cell line) cells were grown to confluence on permeable supports with a standard basolateral medium and either high-electrolyte (H-elec) or low-electrolyte (L-elec) apical medium for 14 days. Apical media were changed to/from H-elec medium at predetermined times prior to assay. Transepithelial electrical resistance (R te) was highest in monolayers continuously exposed to apical L-elec. A time-dependent decline in R te began within 24 h of H-elec medium exposure. Change from H-elec medium to L-elec medium time-dependently increased R te. Permeation by FITC-conjugated dextran was elevated across monolayers exposed to H-elec, suggesting compromise of a paracellular pathway. Significant alteration in occludin distribution was evident, concomitant with the changes in R te, although total occludin was unchanged. Neither substitution of Na ϩ with N-methyl-Dglucosamine (NMDG ϩ ) nor pharmacological inhibition of transcellular Na ϩ transport pathways abrogated the effects of apical H-elec medium on R te. Tumor necrosis factor alpha, but not interleukin-1␤ nor interleukin-6, in the apical compartment caused a significant decrease in R te within 8 h. These results indicate that mammary epithelium is a dynamic barrier whose cell-cell contacts are acutely modulated by cytokines and luminal electrolyte environment. Results not only demonstrate that BME-UV cells are a model system representative of mammary epithelium but also provide critical information that can be applied to other mammary model systems to improve their physiological relevance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apical electrolyte concentration modulates barrier function and tight junction protein localization in bovine mammary epithelium

Quesnell

Erickson²,

Schultz³

2007

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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“…In one study [37], all clinical mastitis cases were found (threshold 500 000 cells/mL plus positive bacteriology) but only 50% from the subclinical cases (> 200 000 cells/mL). In another study [45] when lactation stage, milk yield and parity were taken into consideration, EC showed a sensitivity of 55% to detect subclinical mastitis (threshold > 500 000 or one million cells/mL). For test accuracy it is best to use foremilk.…”

Section: The Electrical Conductivity Of Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indicators of inflammation in the diagnosis of mastitis

2003

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-Mastitis affects the quality of milk and is a potential health risk for the other cows. In a well managed dairy herd, in addition to clinical mastitis, subclinical mastitis should be efficiently detected. Bacteriological sampling is not feasible as a routine test to identify subclinical mastitis, and indirect tests of mastitis are more suitable for selecting cows with intramammary infections for subsequent bacteriological sampling. Mastitis affects the composition of milk, and the degree of changes depends on the infecting agent and the inflammatory response. Indicators of inflammation in the milk which can be determined using rapid, reliable and easy routine techniques, can be used for the early detection of mastitis. The measuring of the somatic cell count in milk is the standard method, but the analysis technique is problematic for routine use in herds. The most promising parameters for monitoring subclinical mastitis are milk N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase activity, lactose, and electrical conductivity along with some other indicators such as optical and milk flow measurements, preferably with an inter-quarter evaluation included in the test. Acute phase proteins, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A, are also potential candidates for mastitis monitoring. New mastitis detection systems which can be adapted into on-line use are urgently needed, since dairy units are growing bigger and automatic milking systems are being taken into use. mastitis / indicator of inflammation / somatic cell count / NAGase / electrical conductivity

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“…Reneau and Packard (1991) summarized that 70 to 80% of mastitis losses were due to subclinical mastitis. Besides microbiological testing, somatic cell count (SCC) in milk is often used to define subclinical mastitis (Nielen et al, 1995;Deluyker et al, 2005;Gronlund et al, 2005). In addition to established parameters, acute phase proteins (APP) are discussed as being useful in the diagnosis of mastitis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Haptoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase measurements in milk for the identification of subclinically diseased udder quarters

Hiss¹,

Mueller²,

Neu-Zahren³

et al. 2007

Vet. Med.

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Diagnosis of subclinical mastitis is of increasing importance and appropriate detection methods are needed. Both haptoglobin (Hp), an acute phase protein in cattle, as well as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), an ubiquitous enzyme, can be successfully used to detect clinical mastitis. The present paper describes quantification of Hp and LDH in milk samples from healthy and subclinically diseased udder quarters. Hp was analysed in the laboratory using an ELISA. The activity of LDH was measured in raw milk directly in the milking parlor. Both parameters were suitable to distinguish between sterile samples and bacteriologically positive samples. The ability to differentiate between minor and major pathogens was better for Hp in skim milk than for LDH in raw milk. Hp and somatic cell count (SCC) as well as LDH and SCC were positively correlated (r = 0.8 and r = 0.76, respectively). Subclinical mastitis was defined as follows: SCC > 100 × 10 3 cells/ml and bacteriological positive findings in two out of three weekly samples. Sensitivity and specificity were above 85% for Hp and above 81% for LDH. Using a less rigid classification to define mastitis, i.e. SCC > 200 × 10 3 cells/ml and two out of three weekly samples bacteriologically positive, sensitivity for Hp improved (89%) and remained unchanged for LDH. Both parameters are useful parameters for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis. LDH activity in raw milk was less sensitive and specific than Hp but the method described herein offers the opportunity to measure LDH activity directly in the milking parlor and might therefore be suitable for on-line system developments.

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Detection of Subclinical Mastitis from On-Line Milking Parlor Data

Cited by 49 publications

References 18 publications

Apical electrolyte concentration modulates barrier function and tight junction protein localization in bovine mammary epithelium

Apical electrolyte concentration modulates barrier function and tight junction protein localization in bovine mammary epithelium

Indicators of inflammation in the diagnosis of mastitis

Haptoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase measurements in milk for the identification of subclinically diseased udder quarters

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