“…Potentiometric and, more in general, all electrochemical techniques have several advantages compared to the classic ones: the instrumentation is less expensive, the time of analysis is low, the apparatus may be portable, the sensors can be used for in situ measurements, and the surface of the electrodes can be modified in order to obtain more specific and sensitive detections. In particular, the electrodic surface can be activated with different kinds of modifiers such as multi-Walled carbon nano tubes (MWCNTs) [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ], metal nano particles (NPs) [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], graphene [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ], metal organics frameworks (MOFs) [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ] in order to enhance the sensitivity, aptamers, antibodies [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ], enzymes [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ], or molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ] to improve the selectivity.…”