Detection of supernova neutrinos at spallation neutron sources

Abstract

After considering the supernova shock effects, the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein effects, the neutrino collective effects, and the Earth matter effects, the detection of supernova neutrinos at China Spallation Neutron Sources is studied and the event numbers of different flavor supernova neutrinos observed through various reaction channels are calculated with the neutrino energy spectra described by the Fermi-Dirac distribution and "beta fit" distribution respectively. Furthermore, the numerical calculation method of supernova neutrino detection on the Earth is applied to some other spallation neutron sources, and the total event numbers of supernova neutrinos observed through different reactions channels are given.

Simulating low-energy neutrino interactions with MARLEY

“…The "beta fit" distribution has been employed in a recent theoretical study [159] of supernova neutrino detection and is equivalent to the widely-used "Garching model" parameterization of supernova neutrino spectra [160]. The sole difference between the two parameterizations is in the convention for the pinching parameter.…”

Neutrino interactions in liquid scintillators including active-sterile neutrino mixing

“…We follow [32] and consider the standard energy released by the supernova (SN) neutrino outflow similar to the SN1987A [33,34], that is E tot ν = 3 × 10 53 erg distributed between different neutrino's flavors. The luminosity flux, for each flavor, is time dependent and can be written as…”

“…If the neutrino flux is thermalized one can used a Fermi Dirac distribution function with η = 0, however, in a SN neutrino flux this condition in not always fulfilled. Therefore one uses the power law distribution function instead [5,35,36,37,32].…”