Detection of symmetry.

Royer, Fred L.

doi:10.1037/0096-1523.7.6.1186

Cited by 149 publications

(175 citation statements)

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“…However, not all symmetries are equal. A substantial number of studies have found that symmetry along a vertical axis is more advantageous than symmetry along other axes (e.g., Kahn & Foster, 1986;Palmer & Hemenway, 1978;Royer, 1981). However, symmetry along the horizontal axis has also been found to be stronger than symmetry along oblique angles (e.g., Fisher & Bornstein, 1982).…”

Section: Symmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional and New Principles of Perceptual Grouping

Brooks

2014

Oxford Handbooks Online

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Perceptual grouping refers to the process of determining which regions and parts of the visual scene belong together as parts of higher order perceptual units such as objects or patterns. In the early 20 th century, Gestalt psychologists identified a set of classic grouping principles which specified how some image features lead to grouping between elements given that all other factors were held constant. Modern vision scientists have expanded this list to cover a wide range of image features but have also expanded the importance of learning and other non-image factors. Unlike early Gestalt accounts which were based largely on visual demonstrations, modern theories are often explicitly quantitative and involve detailed models of how various image features modulate grouping. Work has also been done to understand the rules by which different grouping principles integrate to form a final percept. This chapter gives an overview of the classic principles, modern developments in understanding them, and new principles and the evidence for them. There is also discussion of some of the larger theoretical issues about grouping such as at what stage of visual processing it occurs and what types of neural mechanisms may implement grouping principles.

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Section: Symmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional and New Principles of Perceptual Grouping

Brooks

2014

Oxford Handbooks Online

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“…Regardless of the true nature of the mechanisms that underlie the effects we have reported, they suggest that direction of motion could be a potent factor in other "reference frame" phenomena (see Palmer, 1983)-for example, shape constancy and its failure in memory for disoriented figures (Rock, 1973;Wiser, 1981), shape discrimination between squares and diamonds (Palmer, 1985), symmetry detection in figures at different orientations (Palmer & Hemenway, 1978;Royer, 1981), and perhaps even the perceived organization of complex motion events (Johansson, 1950). These are merely conjectures at present, of course, but if the line of reasoning followed here is correct, such effects should be found for suitably constructed stimuli.…”

Section: Moving Triangles 235mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of motion on perceived pointing of ambiguous triangles

Bucher

Palmer

1985

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…The advantage of symmetrical forms is due to the reduction in information from redundant features. Royer (1981) also gave a two-process explanation. Symmetry is encoded integrally with the features of the object, but in detection or decoding tasks, the observer also has to perform a serial hierarchical decomposition of the code.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to S. Ballesteros, Departamento de Psicologia Basica II, Ciudad Universitaria SfN, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, 28040 Madrid, Spain (e-mail: sballest@cu.uned.es)ortoS.Millar.Department of Experimental Psychology, University ofOxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OXI 3UD, England (e-mail: susanna.millar@psy.ox.ac.uk). Locher & Nodine, 1973;Mach, 1897;Palmer, 1989;Rock, 1983;Royer, 1981). Bilateral mirror-image symmetry about the vertical axis has usually been reported as being more salient than is symmetry about horizontal or oblique axes (Barlow & Reeves, 1979;Corballis & Roldan, 1975;Fisher & Bomstein, 1982;Munsinger & Forsman, 1966;Palmer, 1991;Palmer & Hemenway, 1978;Royer, 1981;Wagemans, Van Gool, & d'YdewalIe, 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Locher & Nodine, 1973;Mach, 1897;Palmer, 1989;Rock, 1983;Royer, 1981). Bilateral mirror-image symmetry about the vertical axis has usually been reported as being more salient than is symmetry about horizontal or oblique axes (Barlow & Reeves, 1979;Corballis & Roldan, 1975;Fisher & Bomstein, 1982;Munsinger & Forsman, 1966;Palmer, 1991;Palmer & Hemenway, 1978;Royer, 1981;Wagemans, Van Gool, & d'YdewalIe, 1992). Even four-monthold babies have been found to show some appreciation of bilateral symmetry about the vertical axis ofshapes (Bomstein, Ferdinandson, & Gross, 1981;Bomstein & Krinsky, 1985;Fisher, Ferdinandson, & Bomstein, 1981).…”

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Symmetry in haptic and in visual shape perception

Ballesteros

Millar

Avilés

1998

Perception & Psychophysics

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Four experiments tested the hypothesis that bilateral symmetry is an incidental encoding property in vision, but can also be elicited as an incidental effect in touch, provided that sufficient spatial reference information is available initially for haptic inputs to be organized spatially. Experiment 1 showed that symmetry facilitated processing in vision, even though the task required judgments of stimulus closure rather than the detection of symmetry. The same task and stimuli failed to show symmetry effects in tactual scanning by one finger (Experiment 2). Experiment 3 found facilitating effects for vertically symmetric open stimuli, although not for closed patterns, in two-forefinger exploration when the forefingers had previously been aligned to the body midaxis to provide body-centered spatial reference. The one-finger exploration condition again failed to show symmetry effects. Experiment 4 replicated the facilitating effects of symmetry for open symmetric shapes in tactual exploration by the two (previously aligned) forefingers. Closed shapes again showed no effect. Spatial-reference information, finger movements, and stimulus factors in shape perception by touch are discussed.We know relatively little as yet about the processes that underlie shape perception by touch. The effects of symmetry raise important questions that allow us to explore some of these processes further. Only a few studies have tested for the effects of bilateral symmetry in the tactual perception of two-dimensional (2-D) (raised) shapes. These studies suggest that, without specific training, bilateral symmetry does not have the facilitating effect in tactual processing that has been reported in most studies of bilateral (mirror-image) symmetry in vision.In vision, bilateral symmetry is often considered the most salient organizational aspect ofa stimulus (see, e.g.,We gratefully acknowledge financial support by the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia in conjunction with the British Council. We also wish to thank the Department of Experimental Psychology of the University of Oxford for providing facilities for the work. We are very grateful for the help given to us by the Spanish Blind Organization (ONCE) in producing the stimuli used in the tactual experiments.

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Detection of symmetry.

Cited by 149 publications

References 27 publications

Traditional and New Principles of Perceptual Grouping

Traditional and New Principles of Perceptual Grouping

Effects of motion on perceived pointing of ambiguous triangles

Symmetry in haptic and in visual shape perception

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