Detection of systematic errors in XBT data and their correction

Hanawa, Kimio; Yoritaka, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1007/bf02110635

Cited by 69 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…As a result the PIC:POC ratio could range from 0.15 to 0.25, presuming that DOC export contributes to 0% to 40% of the aNCP, respectively. Prior PIC:POC estimates at OSP based on independent methodologies have found PIC:POC ratios ranging from 0.18 to 0.5 (Table 2), with estimates of the global average PIC:POC ratio near~0.075 [Sarmiento et al, 2002;Jin et al, 2006; Table 2]. Thus, our findings add to the growing body of evidence that the eastern subarctic Pacific exhibits exceptionally high CaCO 3 production [Wong et al, 1999[Wong et al, , 2002cLipsen et al, 2007;Emerson et al, 2011;Timothy et al, 2013].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Net community production and calcification from 7 years of NOAA Station Papa Mooring measurements

Fassbender

Sabine

Cronin

2016

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

104

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Seven years of near-continuous observations from the Ocean Station Papa (OSP) surface mooring were used to evaluate drivers of marine carbon cycling in the eastern subarctic Pacific. Processes contributing to mixed layer carbon inventory changes throughout each deployment year were quantitatively assessed using a time-dependent mass balance approach in which total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon were used as tracers. By using two mixed layer carbon tracers, it was possible to isolate the influences of net community production (NCP) and calcification. Our results indicate that the annual NCP at OSP is 2 ± 1 mol C m À2 yr À1 and the annual calcification is 0.3 ± 0.3 mol C m À2 yr À1. Piecing together evidence for potentially significant dissolved organic carbon cycling in this region, we estimate a particulate inorganic carbon to particulate organic carbon ratio between 0.15 and 0.25. This is at least double the global average, adding to the growing evidence that calcifying organisms play an important role in carbon export at this location. These results, coupled with significant seasonality in the NCP, suggest that carbon cycling near OSP may be more complex than previously thought and highlight the importance of continuous observations for robust assessments of biogeochemical cycling.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Net community production and calcification from 7 years of NOAA Station Papa Mooring measurements

Fassbender

Sabine

Cronin

2016

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

104

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“…Though the underlying physical mechanisms are not fully understood, poleward jet/storm track shifts have been identified as a robust circulation response to increased greenhouse gases and the ozone hole in models [Thompson et al, 2011;Yin, 2005], and are especially prominent in the Southern Hemisphere [Barnes and Polvani, 2013]. Indeed, direct connections between poleward jet shifts and clouds are commonly discussed in both observations and models [Grise et al, 2013;Bender et al, 2011;Thompson et al, 2011;Hwang and Frierson, 2010;Hall and Visbeck, 2002].…”

Section: Radiatively Important Cloud Changes Are Not Consistent With mentioning

confidence: 99%

Processes controlling Southern Ocean shortwave climate feedbacks in CESM

Kay

Medeiros

Hwang

et al. 2014

Geophysical Research Letters

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A climate model (Community Earth System Model with the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CESM-CAM5)) is used to identify processes controlling Southern Ocean (30-70°S) absorbed shortwave radiation (ASR). In response to 21st century Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 forcing, both sea ice loss (2.6 W m À2 ) and cloud changes (1.2 W m À2 ) enhance ASR, but their relative importance depends on location and season. Poleward of~55°S, surface albedo reductions and increased cloud liquid water content (LWC) have competing effects on ASR changes. Equatorward of~55°S, decreased LWC enhances ASR. The 21st century cloud LWC changes result from warming and near-surface stability changes but appear unrelated to a small (1°) poleward shift in the eddy-driven jet. In fact, the 21st century ASR changes are 5 times greater than ASR changes resulting from large (5°) naturally occurring jet latitude variability. More broadly, these results suggest that thermodynamics (warming and near-surface stability), not poleward jet shifts, control 21st century Southern Ocean shortwave climate feedbacks.

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“…Emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from human activities have increased the atmospheric partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ), in particular during the last 200 years [Ahn et al, 2012]. This increase, and its well-documented implications for global climate [International Panel on Climate Change, 2013], would have been significantly greater without CO 2 uptake by the ocean, which currently sequesters about a quarter of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions each year [Le Quéré et al, 2009]. Ocean CO 2 uptake also induces decline in ocean pH, commonly known as ocean acidification, which will persist for centuries after anthropogenic CO 2 emissions cease [Caldeira and Wickett, 2003].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidecadal accumulation of anthropogenic and remineralized dissolved inorganic carbon along the Extended Ellett Line in the northeast Atlantic Ocean

Humphreys

Griffiths

Achterberg

et al. 2016

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Marine carbonate chemistry measurements have been carried out annually since 2009 during UK research cruises along the Extended Ellett Line (EEL), a hydrographic transect in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. The EEL intersects several water masses that are key to the global thermohaline circulation, and therefore the cruises sample a region in which it is critical to monitor secular physical and biogeochemical changes. We have combined results from these EEL cruises with existing quality-controlled observational data syntheses to produce a hydrographic time series for the EEL from 1981 to 2013. This reveals multidecadal increases in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) throughout the water column, with a near-surface maximum rate of 1.80 ± 0.45 μmol kg À1 yr À1 . Anthropogenic CO 2 accumulation was assessed, using simultaneous changes in apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) and total alkalinity (TA) as proxies for the biogeochemical processes that influence DIC. The stable carbon isotope composition of DIC (δ 13 C DIC ) was also determined and used as an independent test of our method. We calculated a volume-integrated anthropogenic CO 2 accumulation rate of 2.8 ± 0.4 mg C m À3 yr À1 along the EEL, which is about double the global mean. The anthropogenic CO 2 component accounts for only 31 ± 6% of the total DIC increase. The remainder is derived from increased organic matter remineralization, which we attribute to the lateral redistribution of water masses that accompanies subpolar gyre contraction. Output from a general circulation ecosystem model demonstrates that spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the observations has not significantly biased our multidecadal rate of change calculations and indicates that the EEL observations have been tracking distal changes in the surrounding North Atlantic and Nordic Seas.

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Detection of systematic errors in XBT data and their correction

Cited by 69 publications

References 4 publications

Net community production and calcification from 7 years of NOAA Station Papa Mooring measurements

Net community production and calcification from 7 years of NOAA Station Papa Mooring measurements

Processes controlling Southern Ocean shortwave climate feedbacks in CESM

Multidecadal accumulation of anthropogenic and remineralized dissolved inorganic carbon along the Extended Ellett Line in the northeast Atlantic Ocean

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