Detection of the [C I] λ8727 emission line

Abstract

We report the first spatially resolved detection of the near-infrared lambda 8727 emission from the outer pair of low-ionization structures (LISs) in the planetary nebula NGC 7009 from data obtained by the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) integral field unit. This atomic carbon emission marks the transition zone between ionized and neutral gas and for the first time offers direct evidence that LISs are photodominated regions. The outer LIS pair exhibits intense lambda 8727 emission, but is absent. Conversely, the inner pair of knots shows both lines, likely due to the host nebula emission. Furthermore, the lambda 8727 line is absent in the host nebula emission, but lambda 8733 is present. Although the origin of the lambda 8727 line is still debated, its detection supports the scenario of photoevaporated dense molecular clumps.