Detection of the gaze direction of a driver using the time-varying image processing

Assessment of Urban Railway Transit Driver Workload and Fatigue under Real Working Conditions

“…Currently, studies focus on driving fatigue theories ( 23 – 25 ), driving fatigue measurement methods, and ways of reducing these ( 26 , 27 ). The study on technology for monitoring driver fatigue mainly refers to the behavioral changes of drivers and fluctuations in physiological symptoms related to fatigue in driving situations, involving electroencephalogram (EEG) ( 28 ), electrocardiogram (ECG) ( 29 , 30 ), eye-movement activity ( 31 – 33 ), body posture (e.g., head motion track) ( 34 ), facial thermography ( 15 , 35 , 36 ), and steering wheel parameter ( 37 – 39 ). Hess also found that a driver experiences a significant drop in critical flicker-fusion (CFF) after a long time driving ( 40 ), so that analyzing a driver’s objective response performance, such as memory and reaction time, is also an effective approach for research.…”