2017
DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12549
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Detection of the mcr‐1 gene in colistin‐resistant Escherichia coli from retail meat in Japan

Abstract: In this study, the presence of the mcr-1 gene in Escherichia coli from retail meat in Japan was investigated. Nine E. coli isolates (eight from chickens and one from pork) carried the mcr-1 gene on the plasmid. In six isolates from domestic chickens, mcr-1 was located on the IncI2 plasmid, which is approximately 60 kb in size. In the remaining three isolates from imported chicken and pork, mcr-1 was located on the IncX4 plasmid (30 kb).

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Cited by 32 publications
(22 citation statements)
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“…It should be noted that before 2005 there were no reports that identified the mcr -harboring isolates and most of the isolates currently reported to be mcr positive are historical isolates, dating back to as early as 1980. Similarly, global trade and travel either to countries with high or unknown prevalence (Canada [20], U.S. [21] and Japan [22]), importation of food from infected countries (Japan [23] and Tunisia [24]), and over-prescription of colistin in human medicine to treat highly resistant clinical pathogens (i.e., Argentina [25]) are also the suggested causes. To date, several other mcr gene variants have been identified, including mcr-2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, and -8 , which share 81%, 32%, 34%, 36%, 83%, 35%, and 31% amino acid sequence identity, respectively, with mcr-1 [26].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…It should be noted that before 2005 there were no reports that identified the mcr -harboring isolates and most of the isolates currently reported to be mcr positive are historical isolates, dating back to as early as 1980. Similarly, global trade and travel either to countries with high or unknown prevalence (Canada [20], U.S. [21] and Japan [22]), importation of food from infected countries (Japan [23] and Tunisia [24]), and over-prescription of colistin in human medicine to treat highly resistant clinical pathogens (i.e., Argentina [25]) are also the suggested causes. To date, several other mcr gene variants have been identified, including mcr-2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, and -8 , which share 81%, 32%, 34%, 36%, 83%, 35%, and 31% amino acid sequence identity, respectively, with mcr-1 [26].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bacteria from animal gut and feces play an important role in persistence and transmission of bacteria that contain mcr genes to humans [40,41,42,43,44]. Bacteria with mcr genes have also been detected in food products [23], wastewater [45], rivers, seawater [46], and humans [47]. The estimated overall prevalence in the animal and food samples were higher than in the human samples (Figure 5, Figure 3A), and this supports the hypothesis of that the food-chain plays a role in mcr transmission.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Unabsorbed colistin in a pig is excreted from the pig's gastrointestinal tract into the environment, and this could induce colistin resistance among bacteria that reside in the environment by various colistin resistance mechanisms similar to the bacteria in the gastrointestinal tracts of pigs that received colistin. Colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae that emerge in pigs receiving colistin can be transmitted to other pigs that do not receive colistin, and this would contaminate pork that is consumed by human beings, and potentially contaminate the environment [26][27][28][29][30]. Moreover, the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene could potentially be transferred horizontally from colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae to other species of bacteria and become resistant to colistin [6].…”
Section: Plos Onementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Likewise, highly variable results have been reported for pork meat samples. The detection rates of E. coli possessing mcr-1 in pork meat samples collected from China [2] and Japan [14] were 19.0% and 3.1%, respectively, while in Germany [19] and the Czech Republic [26], no pork meat sample showed contamination with mcr-1-harboring E. coli.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As the presence of E. coli is indicative of food contamination, many studies have been conducted to detect the presence of CR-E. coli in foods obtained from animals [13,14]. However, these studies have only provided data on the rate of CR-E. coli positivity and not the abundance levels of CR-E. coli in the samples.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%