Detection of the Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors, and the Adverse Consequences of Falling among Elderly People

Abstract

Background: Falling among elders is the most causative factor of unintentional injuries resulting in disability and hospitalization. Aim: Was to identify the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors and the adverse consequences of falling among elderly people. Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted on 384 elderly participants at Minia governorate, Egypt. Tools: A structured questionnaire, Timed Up and Go Test Scale, Katz Scale, and Mini-Nutritional Assessment questionnaire were used. Results: Findings showed that 45.6% of the participants were at risk of falling based on the performed timed up and go test and 63.5 % of them had a falling history. Female gender, age, and chronic diseases were the main non-modifiable risk factors, while the detected modifiable factors of falling included; absence of toilet seats (95.9 %), absence of grab bars (76.2%), poor lighting (56.6%), and slippery floor (54.1%). Additionally, 93.4% had a lack of assistive devices, inactivity (81.6%), anemia (65.2%), and poor vision (50.8%). Likewise, 73.0%, 35.2%, 26.6%, and 100% of the fallers reported back pain, cut wounds, fractures, and fear respectively as adverse consequences. Conclusion: Hazardous environment, declined physical activities, walking problems, lifestyle, malnutrition, and body mass index were the most reported modifiable risk factors of falls. Recommendations: Early detection of the modifiable risk factors is essential for preventing falling and its adverse consequences among elderly people.