Detection of tobacco smoke deposition by hyperpolarized krypton-83 MRI

Cleveland, Zackary I.; Pavlovskaya, Galina E.; Stupic, Karl F.; Wooten, Jan B.; Repine, John E.; Meersmann, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.mri.2007.06.009

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In comparison, the 3 He T 1 time is reduced from hundreds of hours in the absence of paramagnetic species [36,37] to 10-20 s in lungs containing a breathable oxygen mixture [38]. The T 1 of 83 Kr was also shown to be much less affected by paramagnetic surface impurities than that of 129 Xe [31,32]. Thus, paramagnetic species in the lung will be unlikely to prevent surface sensitive T 1 contrast in hp 83 Kr MRI.…”

Section: Longitudinal Relaxation In Lungsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Like 129 Xe and 3 He (both nuclear spin I = 1/2), 83 Kr (I = 9/2) can be hyperpolarized by spin exchange optical pumping (SEOP) [26,27], and its relatively long gas-phase T 1 of up to several hundred seconds at atmospheric pressure [28,29] allows the gas to be separated from the reactive alkali metal vapor without extensive depolarization [24]. Unlike hp 129 Xe or 3 He, hp 83 Kr has been shown to provide MRI contrast that is highly sensitive to the surface chemistry in relatively low surface-to-volume ratio environments [30,31]. Additionally, the longitudinal relaxation of hp 83 Kr provides information about surface properties including surface-to-volume ratio [30], surface hydration [32], and surface temperature [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the T 1 of hp 83 Kr was shown to increase by up to a factor of twenty if tobacco smoke condensate, which contains numerous hydrophobic constituents [22], was deposited on model surfaces [31]. These large relaxational differences enabled T 1 contrast-weighted variable flip angle FLASH MR imaging [33] that provided spatially resolved information about both the location and amount of tobacco smoke deposited on surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hyperpolarized 83Kr MRI of lungs

Cleveland

Pavlovskaya

Elkins

et al. 2008

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

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Section: Longitudinal Relaxation In Lungsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hyperpolarized 83Kr MRI of lungs

Cleveland

Pavlovskaya

Elkins

et al. 2008

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

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“…38,39 Hyperpolarized 83 Kr longitudinal relaxation has also been harnessed to produce T 1 -weighted contrast based solely on surface chemistry in magnetic resonance imaging. 40,41 The application of hp 83 Kr NMR spectroscopy to the study of macroporous materials will comprise the second portion of this review. Note that hp 83 Kr NMR spectroscopy would not be advantageous for most applications with nanoporous materials owing to the fast 83 Kr T 1 relaxation in these materials, which would rapidly destroy the hyperpolarized state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying porous materials with krypton-83 NMR spectroscopy

Cleveland

Meersmann

2007

Magn. Reson. Chem.

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This report is the first review of (83)Kr nuclear magnetic resonance as a new and promising technique for exploring the surfaces of solid materials. In contrast to the spin I = 1/2 nucleus of (129)Xe, (83)Kr has a nuclear spin of I = 9/2 and therefore possesses a nuclear electric quadrupole moment. Interactions of the quadrupole moment with the electronic environment are modulated by surface adsorption processes and therefore affect the (83)Kr relaxation rate and spectral lineshape. These effects are much more sensitive probes for surfaces than the (129)Xe chemical shielding and provide unique insights into macroporous materials in which the (129)Xe chemical shift is typically of little diagnostic value. The first part of this report reviews the effect of quadrupolar interactions on the (83)Kr linewidth in zeolites and also the (83)Kr chemical shift behavior that is distinct from that of its (129)Xe cousin in some of these materials. The second part reviews hyperpolarized (hp) (83)Kr NMR spectroscopy of macroporous materials in which the longitudinal relaxation is typically too slow to allow sufficient averaging of thermally polarized (83)Kr NMR signals. The quadrupolar-driven T(1) relaxation times of hp (83)Kr in these materials are sensitive to surface chemistry, surface-to-volume ratios, coadsorption of other species on surfaces, and surface temperature. Thus, (83)Kr T(1) relaxation can provide information about surfaces and chemical processes in macroscopic pores and can generate surface-sensitive contrast in hp (83)Kr MRI.

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“…However, quadrupolar relaxation is also responsible for the sensitivity hp 83 Kr displays toward surface-to-volume ratio, [12] surface temperature, [7] and surface chemistry. [8,12] This sensitivity can be harnessed to produce T 1 contrast in gas-phase MRI, [13,14] making 83 Kr a promising agent for materials science and biomedical applications. Thus an increased understanding of the factors that contribute to the relaxation of 83 Kr could lead to improved SEOP and the development of novel surface characterization techniques.…”

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confidence: 99%

Density‐Independent Contributions to Longitudinal Relaxation in ⁸³Kr

Cleveland

Meersmann

2008

ChemPhysChem

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Hyperpolarized (hp)3He and 129 Xe (both nuclear spin I = 1/2), produced by alkali metal vapor spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP), [1] enable a wide variety of unique nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications.[ Xe, the noble gas isotope 83 Kr (I = 9/2) can be hyperpolarized by SEOP [5,6] and thus far has yielded MR signals that are three or more orders of magnitude above those of thermally polarized krypton. [7, 8] 83 Kr differs from 3 He and 129 Xe in that its longitudinal relaxation is usually dominated by quadrupolar interactions caused by distortions to the spherical symmetry of its electric environment. [9][10][11] These interactions reduce the lifetime of the hp state and, to some extent, limit the nonequilibrium polarization. However, quadrupolar relaxation is also responsible for the sensitivity hp 83 Kr displays toward surface-to-volume ratio, [12] surface temperature, [7] and surface chemistry. [8,12] This sensitivity can be harnessed to produce T 1 contrast in gas-phase MRI, [13,14] making 83 Kr a promising agent for materials science and biomedical applications. Thus an increased understanding of the factors that contribute to the relaxation of 83 Kr could lead to improved SEOP and the development of novel surface characterization techniques.The 83 Kr longitudinal relaxation rate is known to increase linearly with gas density, [11] but an additional density-independent component was recently observed.[8] Herein, we describe investigations of this density-independent contribution by studying 83 Kr relaxation as a function of krypton density, gas composition, and surface chemistry (i.e. in either an untreated or a siliconized Pyrex detection cell) in twelve different krypton-containing gas mixtures. The krypton content in these krypton-helium and krypton-nitrogen mixtures was varied from 10 to 100 %, and the total gas density was varied from 1 to 10 amagat. (An amagat is the number density of an ideal gas at 101.325 kPa and 273.15 K and is equal to 2.6868 10 25 m À3.) The resulting T 1 values ranged from 40 s to more than 400 s, depending on gas composition and pressure. Although these times are longer than those of most molecular species, [15,16] they are much shorter than the T 1 values of 129 Xe, which can reach 27 h in dilute mixtures [17] or 3 He, which displays T 1 values of hundred of hours in the absence of paramagnetic species.[18] An advantage of these shorter 83 Kr relaxation times is that more rapid data collection becomes possible compared to NMR data collection for noble gas isotopes with spin I = 1/2. In total, this work comprises more than 700 individual relaxation measurements.Experiments were performed on a Chemagnetics CMX II 400 NMR spectrometer in a 9.4 T, wide-bore (89 mm) superconducting magnet using a custom-built probe tuned to the 15.4 MHz 83 Kr resonance frequency. SEOP was performed as previously described [7] using research grade gases (Airgas, Radnor, PA) and natural abundance krypton (11.5 % 83 Kr). Following a SEOP period of ...

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Detection of tobacco smoke deposition by hyperpolarized krypton-83 MRI

Cited by 14 publications

References 44 publications

Hyperpolarized 83Kr MRI of lungs

Hyperpolarized 83Kr MRI of lungs

Studying porous materials with krypton-83 NMR spectroscopy

Density‐Independent Contributions to Longitudinal Relaxation in ⁸³Kr

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Detection of tobacco smoke deposition by hyperpolarized krypton-83 MRI

Cited by 14 publications

References 44 publications

Hyperpolarized 83Kr MRI of lungs

Hyperpolarized 83Kr MRI of lungs

Studying porous materials with krypton-83 NMR spectroscopy

Density‐Independent Contributions to Longitudinal Relaxation in 83Kr

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Density‐Independent Contributions to Longitudinal Relaxation in ⁸³Kr