Detection of toxigenic strains of<i>Bacillus cereus</i>and other<i>Bacillus</i>spp. with an improved cytotoxicity assay

Beattie, S.H.; Williams, Alan G.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00498.x

Cited by 131 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…NHE is a three component (nheA, nheB and nheC), enterotoxin responsible for the diarrheal food poisoning syndrome [9,24] . Cytotoxin K is responsible of diarrheal syndrome with necrotic, hemolytic and cytotoxic effects on the intestinal ephithelium [10] . The presence of diarrhoeal enterotoxin genes in the isolated strains was screened by mPCR as described by Gaviria et al [32] , Hansen and Hendriksen [33] and Zahner et al [34] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Enterotoxigenic Gene Profiles of Bacillus cereus Strains Isolated from Dairy Desserts by Multiplex PCR

Onur¹

2013

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Bacillus cereus and to detect enterotoxigenic genes in dairy dessert samples utilising a multiplex PCR technique. A total of 100 samples, 25 keskul, 12 tavuk gogsu, 12 kazandibi, 30 supangle, 4 profiteroles and 17 sutlac were analysed. B. cereus contamination was found in 7 of 100 (7.0%) samples including 3 (25%) tavuk gogsu, 2 (6.6%) supangle, 1 (4%) keskul and 1 (5.8%) sutlac. The average number of B. cereus was between 2.0×10 1 -5.0×10 2 cfu/g in these dairy dessert samples. A total of 20 isolates were collected from the 7 positive samples. The results indicated that 30% (6/20) of B. cereus isolates contain three enterotoxic HBL complex encoding genes hblA, hblC and hblD, whereas 70% (14/20) had no hbl genes. In addition, all three enterotoxic NHE complex encoding genes, nheA, nheB and nheC, were detected in 40% (8/20), two nhe genes (nheA and nheB) were found in 45% (9/20) and one nhe gene (two nheA and one nheB) was found in 15% (3/20) of the isolates. The ctyK1 gene was not detected in any sample. The presence of B. cereus and their enterotoxigenic genes in dairy desserts may be a potential risk for public health. Keywords: B.cereus, Dairy dessert, Enterotoxin genes Sütlü Tatlılardan İzole Edilen Bacillus cereus Suşlarının Enterotoksijenik Gen Profillerinin Multipleks PCR ile Belirlenmesi ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı sütlü tatlılarda Bacillus cereus varlığını araştırmak ve enterotoksijenik genleri multipleks PCR tekniğiyle belirlemektir. Bu amaçla 25 keşkül, 12 tavuk göğsü, 12 kazandibi, 30 supangle, 4 profiterol ve 17 sütlaç olmak üzere toplamda 100 örnek analiz edilmiştir. 3'ü tavuk göğsü (%25), 2'si supangle (%6.6), 1'i keşkül (%4) ve 1'i sütlaç (%5.8) olmak üzere toplamda 7 örnek (%7.0) B. cereus varlığı açısından pozitif bulunmuştur. Analiz edilen sütlü tatlı örneklerinde ortalama B. cereus sayısı 2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cereus is a common contaminant of milk [9] . Some investigations have examined the occurrence of toxin genes and toxin producing strains in milk and dairy products [10,11] . Exclusion of Bacillus spp.…”

Section: Determination Of Enterotoxigenic Gene Profiles Of Bacillus Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Enterotoxigenic Gene Profiles of Bacillus cereus Strains Isolated from Dairy Desserts by Multiplex PCR

Onur¹

2013

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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“…MTT is a yellow, water-soluble tetrazolium salt, which is cleaved in the mitochondria of metabolically active cells. In the presence of living cells, MTT solution displays a color change as the insoluble purple formazan is formed due to intramitochondrial metabolization of MTT (Rowan et al 2001;Finlay et al 1999;Beattie and Williams 1999;European Commission 2000). MTT assay is therefore highly sensitive for cellular respiration and suitable for assessing cell viability and cytotoxicity, since only living cells produce formazan reaction products (Beattie and Williams 1999;Finlay et al 1999;Rowan et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and selection of novel animal probiotics isolated from bovine chyme

et al. 2012

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Probiotics, gut-colonizing microorganisms capable of conferring a number of health benefits to their hosts, are highly desirable as animal feed supplements. Members of the Gram-positive genus Bacillus are often utilized as probiotics, since endospores formed by those bacteria render them highly resistant to environmental extremes and therefore capable of surviving gastrointestinal tract conditions. In this study, 84 distinct bacterial colonies were obtained from bovine chyme and 29 isolates were determined as Bacillus species. These isolates were principally screened for their antimicrobial activity against a group of two Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria, including known human and animal pathogens such as Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Seven strains displaying strong antimicrobial activity against the test cohort were further evaluated for other properties desirable from animal probiotics, including high spore-forming capacity and adhesiveness, resistance to pH extremes and ability to form biofilms. The isolates were found to resist simulated gastrointestinal conditions and most of the antibiotics tested. In addition, plasmid presence was checked and cytotoxicity tests were performed to evaluate the potential risks of antibiotic resistance transfer and unintended pathogenic effects on host, respectively. We propose that the bacterial isolates are suitable for use as animal probiotics.

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“…The species B. cereus covers a huge diversity in genetic characters (Guinebretière and Sanchis, 2003, Helgason et al, 2004and Hill et al, 2004, virulence factors (Beattie and Williams, 1999, Choma et al, 2000, Helgason et al, 2004and Hill et al, 2004 and survival or growth characteristics (Dufrenne et al, 1994, Dufrenne et al, 1995, Choma et al, 2000and Nguyen-the et al, 2003. However there is some evidence that emetic toxin-producing strains form a distinct cluster within B. cereus with some specific characters (such as the inability to hydrolyse starch) (Shinagawa, 1990, Agata et al, 1996, Pirttijarvi et al, 1999and EhlingSchulz et al, 2005b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emetic toxin-producing strains of Bacillus cereus show distinct characteristics within the Bacillus cereus group

Carlin

Fricker

Pielaat

et al. 2006

International Journal of Food Microbiology

146

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One hundred representative strains of Bacillus cereus were selected from a total collection of 372 B. cereus strains using two typing methods (RAPD and FT-IR) to investigate if emetic toxin-producing hazardous B. cereus strains possess characteristic growth and heat resistance profiles. The strains were classified into three groups: emetic toxin (cereulide)-producing strains (n = 17), strains connected to diarrheal foodborne outbreaks (n = 40) and food-environment strains (n = 43), these latter not producing the emetic toxin. Our study revealed a shift in growth limits towards higher temperatures for the emetic strains, regardless of their origin. None of the emetic toxin-producing strains were able to grow below 10 °C. In contrast, 11% (9 food-environment strains) out of the 83 non-emetic toxin-producing strains were able to grow at 4 °C and 49% at 7 °C (28 diarrheal and 13 food-environment strains). non-emetic toxin-producing strains. All emetic toxin-producing strains were able to grow at 48 °C, but only 39% (16 diarrheal and 16 food-environment strains) of the non-emetic toxinproducing strains grew at this temperature. Spores from the emetic toxin-producing strains showed, on average, a higher heat resistance at 90 °C and a lower germination, particularly at 7 °C, than spores from the other strains. No difference between the three groups in their growth kinetics at 24 °C, 37 °C, and pH 5.0, 7.0, and 8.0 was observed. Our survey shows that emetic toxin-producing strains of B. cereus have distinct characteristics, which could have important implication for the risk assessment of the emetic type of B. cereus caused food poisoning. For instance, emetic strains still represent a special risk in heat-processed foods or preheated foods that are kept warm (in restaurants and cafeterias), but should not pose a risk in refrigerated foods.

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Detection of toxigenic strains ofBacillus cereusand otherBacillusspp. with an improved cytotoxicity assay

Cited by 131 publications

References 28 publications

Determination of Enterotoxigenic Gene Profiles of Bacillus cereus Strains Isolated from Dairy Desserts by Multiplex PCR

Determination of Enterotoxigenic Gene Profiles of Bacillus cereus Strains Isolated from Dairy Desserts by Multiplex PCR

Screening and selection of novel animal probiotics isolated from bovine chyme

Emetic toxin-producing strains of Bacillus cereus show distinct characteristics within the Bacillus cereus group

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