Detection of Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Cotinine in Smokers: Measured Through Interleukin-6 and Superoxide Dismutase

Kumboyono, Kumboyono; Chomsy, Indah Nur; Hakim, Ardhi Khoirul; Sujuti, Hidayat; Hariyanti, Tita; Srihardyastutie, Arie; Wihastuti, Titin Andri

doi:10.2147/ijgm.s367125

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Cotinine is an inactive metabolite used for evaluating second-hand smoke and indicators of adherence to smoking cessation [27,28]. However, current evidence states that cotinine activities imply that cotinine can mediate some psychoactive effects of nicotine [29]. High level of cotinine can affect oxidative stress and vascular inflammation [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting the Serum Cotinine Level of Male Smokers in Malang, Indonesia

Kumboyono,

Chomsy,

Santoso Hidayat

et al. 2023

IJMTFM

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Background: In tobacco, nicotine is the primary toxic agent that causes health problems. As a primary metabolite of nicotine, cotinine is frequently used as an accurate measure of exposure to tobacco smoke. This study aims to find the factors affecting the serum cotinine level of male smokers in Malang, Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 183 men who smoke regularly in Malang, Indonesia. They were selected by a purposive sampling method. Nicotine dependency and cotinine level were measured using the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence and the human cotinine ELISA Kit, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of age, smoking duration, cigarette type, and the nicotine dependence on the continue level. ANOVA and independent t-test were also used for testing the study hypothesis. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Based on the ANOVA results, the factors of age, smoking duration, type of cigarette, and nicotine dependence together had a significant effect on the cotinine level (P<0.001). Based on the independent t-test results, only the age factor had a significant effect on the cotinine level (P<0.001). Conclusion: Older male smokers may have higher cotinine level. Other factors including duration of smoking, type of cigarette, and nicotine dependence have no significant effect on cotinine level of male smokers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting the Serum Cotinine Level of Male Smokers in Malang, Indonesia

Kumboyono,

Chomsy,

Santoso Hidayat

et al. 2023

IJMTFM

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“…Another integral factor that could be related to balance impairment is smoking, which is a significant risk factor for COPD development [31]. Smoking is known to have an impact on vascular health and contribute to peripheral artery disease or nerve damage, affecting gait [32].…”

Section: Connections Between Copd and Gait Disturbance 21 Prevalence ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Gait Disturbance: Is There Any Meaningful Link? Unveiling the Interplay and Addressing the Challenges

A. Ansari

2024

COPD - Pathology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Directions

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung condition characterized by airflow limitation and respiratory symptoms such as shortness of breath, chronic cough, and sputum production. The relationship between COPD and gait disturbance is orchestrated by a complex interplay of factors. Airflow obstruction, the hallmark of COPD, imposes a strain on the respiratory system, leading to breathlessness and fatigue. This relentless struggle for breath forces individuals with COPD to curtail their walking pace, where they adopt a shortened stride and reduced step height. Furthermore, the chronic inflammation associated with COPD infiltrates skeletal muscles, leading to muscle weakness and decreased muscle mass. This insidious process further impairs gait, diminishing the ability to generate the necessary force for efficient ambulation. This chapter will explore the connection between COPD and gait disturbance, examining the underlying mechanisms, prevalence, impact, and management strategies to prevent fall-related injuries and improve the well-being of individuals affected by this challenging combination.

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“…Some of the mechanisms that support this are: 1) membrane receptor damage on endothelial cells that could interfere with the interaction with NO stimuli, 2) the loss of eNOS substrates, 3) low NOS concentration or activity, 4) disruption of NO production in the endothelium; and 5) elevated NO degradation due to free radicals exposure 19 . In complement to oxidative stress, the endothelial cells' ability to recognize their environment and their activity in producing NO has been lost 20 . Thus, this occurrence will further damage endothelial cells in the future.…”

Section: Tie2 Receptors Expression and Changes In No Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine is associated with smoking dependence and vascular inflammation through cotinine: A mediation analysis

Kumboyono,

Chomsy,

Shalshabilla

et al. 2024

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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INTRODUCTION The main alkaloid component in cigarettes is nicotine. Cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, is capable of causing dependence effects through endless mechanisms modulated by the ion channel nicotinic acetylcholine receptors nAChRs. Nicotine and cotinine can also cause damage to blood vessels through a chronic inflammatory process mediated by the Ligand-Tie2 Angiopoietin Receptor system. Hypoxic conditions that occur due to vascular inflammation cause a decrease in the concentration of nitric oxide (NO). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between NO levels and cotinine through the expression of nAChRs that mediate the nicotine dependence mechanism and Tie2 (Tyrosine Kinase 2) expression. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 participants grouped into two groups based on their smoking status: 100 smokers and 100 non-smokers. All participants were men aged 20-40 years with no history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, or dyslipidemia, and were not currently on medication. According to the parameters used, all blood samples were taken from peripheral blood for analysis using the ELISA kit or Colorimetric Assay Kit. RESULTS Cigarette consumption increases blood cotinine concentrations in smokers and causes dependence by modulating nAChRs. The study indicates an emerging cycle regarding nicotine-cotinine consumption and nAChRs expression. In addition, the data in this study showed a significant relationship (p<0.001) regarding the cycle formed with decreased NO levels as a result of damage caused by Tie2-mediated inflammation. CONCLUSIONS There is a relationship between NO levels and cotinine through nAChRs, which mediate the nicotine dependence mechanism and Tie2 expression.

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Detection of Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Cotinine in Smokers: Measured Through Interleukin-6 and Superoxide Dismutase

Cited by 13 publications

References 55 publications

Factors Affecting the Serum Cotinine Level of Male Smokers in Malang, Indonesia

Factors Affecting the Serum Cotinine Level of Male Smokers in Malang, Indonesia

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Gait Disturbance: Is There Any Meaningful Link? Unveiling the Interplay and Addressing the Challenges

Nicotine is associated with smoking dependence and vascular inflammation through cotinine: A mediation analysis

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