Detection of Venturia inaequalis Isolates with Multiple Resistance in Greece

Chatzidimopoulos, Michael; Zambounis, Antonios; Lioliopoulou, Fenia; Vellios, Evangelos

doi:10.3390/microorganisms10122354

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Bellis ® contains a combination of pyraclostrobin and boscalid. Pyraclostrobin is a strobilurin fungicide that disrupts fungal respiration by inhibiting the electron transport chain in mitochondria, decreasing ATP production [117,118]. Conversely, boscalid acts on the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme, disrupting the tricarboxylic acid cycle in fungi [118,119].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles and Chemical Inducers: A Sustainable Shield against Onion White Rot

Elenany,

Atia,

Abbas

et al. 2024

Biology

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This study investigated the effectiveness of nanoparticles and chemical inducers in managing onion white rot caused by Sclerotium cepivorum. The pathogen severely threatens onion cultivation, resulting in significant yield losses and economic setbacks. Traditional fungicides, though effective, raise environmental concerns, prompting a shift toward eco-friendly alternatives. In this study, four S. cepivorum isolates were utilized, each exhibiting varying degrees of pathogenicity, with the third isolate from Abu-Hamad demonstrating the highest potency. During the in vitro studies, three nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated, including Fe3O4 NPs, Cu NPs, and ZnO NPs, which demonstrated the potential to inhibit mycelial growth, with salicylic acid and Fe3O4 NPs exhibiting synergistic effects. In vivo, these nanoparticles reduced the disease incidence and severity, with Fe3O4 NPs at 1000–1400 ppm resulting in 65.0–80.0% incidence and 80.0–90.0% severity. ZnO NPs had the most positive impact on the chlorophyll content, while Cu NPs had minimal effects. At 1000 ppm, Fe3O4 NPs had variable effects on the phenolic compounds (total: 6.28, free: 4.81, related: 2.59), while ZnO NPs caused minor fluctuations (total: 3.60, free: 1.82, related: 1.73). For the chemical inducers, salicylic acid reduced the disease (10.0% incidence, 25.0% to 10.0% severity) and promoted growth, and it elevated the chlorophyll values and enhanced the phenolic compounds in infected onions. Potassium phosphate dibasic (PDP) had mixed effects, and ascorbic acid showed limited efficacy toward disease reduction. However, PDP at 1400 ppm and ascorbic acid at 1000 ppm elevated the chlorophyll values and enhanced the phenolic compounds. Furthermore, this study extended to traditional fungicides, highlighting their inhibitory effects on S. cepivorum. This research provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of these approaches, emphasizing their potential in eco-friendly onion white rot management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles and Chemical Inducers: A Sustainable Shield against Onion White Rot

Elenany,

Atia,

Abbas

et al. 2024

Biology

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“…Reducing V. inaequalis sensitivity to DMIs has been a concern for apple growers since the mid-1980s, and reports from around the globe indicate that DMI resistance is becoming more prevalent [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. V. inaequalis isolates with reduced sensitivity to DMIs were first identified within six years of DMI fungicide deployment in Canada [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-Dependent Genetic Resistance to Azole Fungicides Found in the Apple Scab Pathogen

Heaven,

Armitage,

et al. 2023

JoF

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The evolution of azole resistance in fungal pathogens presents a major challenge in both crop production and human health. Apple orchards across the world are faced with the emergence of azole fungicide resistance in the apple scab pathogen Venturia inaequalis. Target site point mutations observed in this fungus to date cannot fully explain the reduction in sensitivity to azole fungicides. Here, polygenic resistance to tebuconazole was studied across a population of V. inaequalis. Genotyping by sequencing allowed Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) mapping to identify the genetic components controlling this fungicide resistance. Dose-dependent genetic resistance was identified, with distinct genetic components contributing to fungicide resistance at different exposure levels. A QTL within linkage group seven explained 65% of the variation in the effective dose required to reduce growth by 50% (ED50). This locus was also involved in resistance at lower fungicide doses (ED10). A second QTL in linkage group one was associated with dose-dependent resistance, explaining 34% of variation at low fungicide doses (ED10), but did not contribute to resistance at higher doses (ED50 and ED90). Within QTL regions, non-synonymous mutations were observed in several ATP-Binding Cassette and Major Facilitator SuperFamily transporter genes. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms of fungicide resistance that have evolved in horticultural pathogens. Identification of resistance gene candidates supports the development of molecular diagnostics to inform management practices.

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Fungicide Sensitivity in the European Canker Fungus, Neonectria ditissima

Wesche,

Weber

2023

Erwerbs-Obstbau

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Neonectria ditissima is one of the most serious pathogens of apple trees in temperate climatic zones, causing bark canker as well as pre- and post-harvest fruit rots. Control of fruit rots in particular is hampered by uncertainty about the sensitivity to, and efficacy of, available fungicides. Using 43 N. ditissima isolates from Germany and South Tyrol, the effective concentrations causing a 50% inhibition of germ-tube growth (EC50) were determined for fludioxonil (0.009–0.046 ppm), trifloxystrobin (0.018–0.43 ppm), thiophanate-methyl (2.05–15.9 ppm), dodine (0.61–6.33 ppm), cyprodinil (5.04–83.7 ppm), pyrimethanil (22.0–500 ppm), fluopyram (1.35–140 ppm) and boscalid (> 500 ppm). In a detached-fruit assay based on artificial wound inoculation of apples previously dipped in fungicides at commercial dosages, fludioxonil and, to a lesser extent, fluopyram and dodine significantly reduced the fruit rot lesion size, whereas trifloxystrobin, cyprodinil and boscalid did not. Lesion size was also directly correlated to the amount of conidial inoculum, whereby wounds inoculated with 5000 conidia gave rise to larger lesions than those with 500 or 50 conidia. In a field trial of apple trees artificially inoculated with N. ditissima conidia at flowering, fludioxonil gave good control of blossom-end rot, and trifloxystrobin gave limited control, whereas cyprodinil was ineffective. Therefore, the efficacies of different fungicides were broadly in line with the EC50 values determined under laboratory conditions.

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Detection of Venturia inaequalis Isolates with Multiple Resistance in Greece

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Nanoparticles and Chemical Inducers: A Sustainable Shield against Onion White Rot

Nanoparticles and Chemical Inducers: A Sustainable Shield against Onion White Rot

Dose-Dependent Genetic Resistance to Azole Fungicides Found in the Apple Scab Pathogen

Fungicide Sensitivity in the European Canker Fungus, Neonectria ditissima

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