2017
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13856
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Detection of viable Helicobacter pylori inside free‐living amoebae in wastewater and drinking water samples from Eastern Spain

Abstract: Helicobacter pylori is one of the most concerning emerging waterborne pathogens. It has been suggested that it could survive in water inside free-living amoebae (FLA), but nobody has studied this relationship in the environment yet. Thus, we aimed to detect viable H. pylori cells from inside FLA in water samples. Sixty-nine wastewater and 31 drinking water samples were collected. FLA were purified and identified by PCR and sequencing. For exclusively detecting H. pylori inside FLA, samples were exposed to sodi… Show more

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Cited by 30 publications
(18 citation statements)
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“…Variable rates were reported in several studies all over the world: 46.9% in Korea [30], 23% in Nicaragua [31], 22.79% in Brazil [32], 29.4% and 22% in Sivas, Turkey [2,28], 89% in the United Kingdom [33] and 79% in the United States of America [5]. However, nearly similar results compared to our results were obtained on examination of household tap water samples in Eastern Spain (38.7%) [34]. Conflicting results on FLA contamination in tap water from different countries might be attributed to factors known to influence their presence, such as water source, water treatment method, geographic location, sample size and differences in water temperature [5].…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 88%
“…Variable rates were reported in several studies all over the world: 46.9% in Korea [30], 23% in Nicaragua [31], 22.79% in Brazil [32], 29.4% and 22% in Sivas, Turkey [2,28], 89% in the United Kingdom [33] and 79% in the United States of America [5]. However, nearly similar results compared to our results were obtained on examination of household tap water samples in Eastern Spain (38.7%) [34]. Conflicting results on FLA contamination in tap water from different countries might be attributed to factors known to influence their presence, such as water source, water treatment method, geographic location, sample size and differences in water temperature [5].…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 88%
“…Few reports have documented the presence of H. pylori in the environment (53)(54)(55)(56). The fastidious nature of H. pylori, the specificity of the gastric niche, and the tendency of H. pylori to transition to the coccoid form when stressed all seem contrary to the long-term survivability of extragastric H. pylori.…”
Section: Extragastric Biofilmsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One factor in support of H. pylori infection being waterborne or related to poor health practices is the association, which some authors claim, of H. pylori with free-living amoebae (FLA), such as Acanthamoeba , Naegleria , Vermamoeba or Balamuthia , which are ubiquitous protozoa commonly found in water[ 119 - 122 ].…”
Section: Evidence Supporting the Role Of Water In The Transmission Ofmentioning
confidence: 99%