Detection of Vibrio vulnificus in seafood, seawater and wastewater samples from a Mediterranean coastal area

In fish spas, clients may submerge their hands, feet or whole body in basins with Garra rufa fish, for dead skin removal. Skin infections may result from using these spas, transmitted from fish to clients, through either fish or water, or from client to client. The microbiological water quality was determined in 24 fish spas in 16 companies in the Netherlands through analysis of a single water sample per fish spa. Water samples were tested for the presence of Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, nontuberculous mycobacteria, and faecal indicator bacteria by using standard culture methods. The majority of the examined fish spas contained Aeromonas spp. (n?=?24), P. aeruginosa (n?=?18), Vibrio spp. (n?=?16) including V. cholerae non-O1/O139 and V. vulnificus, and several rapid growing Mycobacterium spp. (n?=?23) including M. fortuitum, M. conceptionense, M. abscessus and M. chelonae. Faecal contamination of the fish spa water was low. Based on the detected concentrations of Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp., and P. aeruginosa, the detected Mycobacterium spp., and the health implications of these bacteria, the health risk from using fish spas is considered limited for healthy people with an intact skin and no underlying disease.

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“…V. vulnificus was found in one full body spa only. PCR of the vvhA gene according to Canigral et al [16] confirmed the MALDI-TOF identification.…”

Section: Microbiological Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 82%

The microbiological quality of water in fish spas with Garra rufa fish, the Netherlands, October to November 2012

Schets

Berg

Zwaan³

et al. 2015

Eurosurveillance

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“…E. coli, Shigella, Salmonella and Vibrio spp. have been the predominant pathogens linked to waterborne outbreaks in Africa [21,22], whereas certain clonal strains of these pathogens have been reported to survive conventional wastewater treatment processes [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and Public Health Implications of the Discharge of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Physicochemical Contaminants from Treated Wastewater Effluents in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Adefisoye

Okoh

2017

Water

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This study assessed the prevalence of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and Vibrio species, as well as the physicochemical qualities of the discharged effluents of two wastewater treatment facilities, in the Eastern Cape, South Africa over a one-year sampling period using standard methods. Bacteriological assessment revealed presumptive E. coli counts ranging from 3 to 1.2 × 10 5 CFU/100 mL, while counts of Vibrio spp. ranged from 11 to 1.4 × 10 4 CFU/100 mL. Molecular identification of the isolates by polymerase chain reactions (PCR) yielded positive reaction rates of 76.2% (381/500) and 69.8% (279/400) for E. coli and Vibrio species, respectively. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of 205 randomly selected PCR-confirmed Vibrio isolates against 18 antibiotics revealed resistance frequencies ranging from 0.5% (imipenem) to 96.1% (penicillin G), based on recommended breakpoint concentrations. About 81% (166/205) of the Vibrio isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics), while nine different antibiotic resistance genes were detected by PCR. The physicochemical qualities of the effluents also ranged as follows: pH (6.5-7.6), temperature (12-27 • C), turbidity (1.5-65.7 mg/L), total dissolved solids (95-171 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (2.1-9.8), electrical conductivity (134-267 µS/cm), free chlorine (0.08-0.72 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (0.12-9.81 mg/L), nitrate (1.04-21.5 mg/L), nitrite (0.11-0.76 mg/L), phosphate (1.03-18.3 mg/L) and chemical oxygen demand (27-680 mg/L). The discharged effluents fell short of the regulatory guidelines for some of the parameters assessed. We conclude that the discharged effluents are potential sources of environmental pollution and can contribute to drug resistant bacteria load in the receiving watershed, with the associated ecological and human health risks.

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“…Although Vibrio seems to be an important pathogenic agent in the NW Mediterranean (e.g. Canigral et al 2010, Lopez-Joven et al 2015, to the best of our knowledge no information on abundance of planktonic Vibrio (using culture independent methods) is available for Mediterranean waters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of planktonic and epiphytic vibrios in a coastal environment affected by <em>Ostreopsis</em> blooms

Bellés-Garulera¹,

Vila²,

Borrull³

et al. 2016

Sci. Mar.

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Summary:Vibrios include several pathogenic bacteria that occur in aquatic environments. The presence of Vibrio has been assessed in many ecosystems by culture-based techniques. However, little is known on the contribution of vibrios in the sea, especially in areas subject to harmful algal blooms. A preliminary study in Sant Andreu de Llavaneres beach (NW Mediterranean) showed the presence of some Vibrio species during a recurrent bloom of the harmful benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata. In order to establish the importance of vibrios in a coastal area of the NW Mediterranean and to study the association with the dinoflagellate, we conducted a sampling monitoring for one year to quantify the concentration of vibrios both in the water (free-living and attached to particles) and in the epiphytic community of macroalgae. The aims were 1) to evaluate the relative abundance of Vibrio in the epiphytic and in the planktonic bacterial community, 2) to assess the percentage of free-living and attached vibrios in the planktonic community, and 3) to determine whether the presence of vibrios is associated with the blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis or with other environmental parameters. For this purpose, a CARD-FISH molecular probe was applied for the specific detection of bacteria belonging to the genus Vibrio. Cells were quantified and the abundance of both particles and bacteria attached to particles were assessed. The maximum Vibrio concentration (1.3x10 4 cells ml -1 and 1.4x10 6 cells g -1 FW, for planktonic and epiphytic samples, respectively) was detected in September. Free-living vibrios contributed 0.38±0.24% to the total free-living planktonic community and 1.12±0.28% to the epiphytic bacterial community. However, their contribution was particularly high in the planktonic community attached to particles (17.37±20.49%). Although in the planktonic community Vibrio was found preferentially free-living (82.63±20.01%), particles are a niche for vibrios, since in particles vibrios may represent up to 72% of the total attached bacterial community. Abundance of planktonic Vibrio was correlated with Ostreopsis concentration and it is likely that they play a role in the wound infections suffered by beach users during the bloom.Keywords: Vibrio; bacteria; particles; Mediterranean; HAB; dinoflagellates. Variabilidad de vibrios planctónicos y epifíticos en un ambiente costero afectado por proliferaciones de OstreopsisResumen: El género Vibrio incluye a varias bacterias patogénicas que se encuentran en ecosistemas acuáticos. La presencia de Vibrio se ha estimado en muchos ecosistemas mediante técnicas basadas en cultivos. Sin embargo, se conoce poco sobre la contribución de vibrios en el mar, especialmente en áreas afectadas por proliferaciones algales nocivas. Un estudio preliminar en la playa de Sant Andreu de Llavaneres (Mediterráneo NO) mostró la presencia de algunas especies de Vibrio durante una proliferación recurrente del dinoflagelado béntico nocivo Ostreopsis cf. ovata. Para poder establecer la rel...

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Detection of Vibrio vulnificus in seafood, seawater and wastewater samples from a Mediterranean coastal area

Cited by 44 publications

References 34 publications

The microbiological quality of water in fish spas with Garra rufa fish, the Netherlands, October to November 2012

The microbiological quality of water in fish spas with Garra rufa fish, the Netherlands, October to November 2012

Ecological and Public Health Implications of the Discharge of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Physicochemical Contaminants from Treated Wastewater Effluents in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Variability of planktonic and epiphytic vibrios in a coastal environment affected by <em>Ostreopsis</em> blooms

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