Detection of viral sequences in archival spinal cords from fatal cases of poliomyelitis in 1951–1952

Rekand, Tiina; Male, Rune; Myking, Andreas O.; Nygaard, Svein Jacob Tjoflaat; Aarli, Johan A.; Haarr, Lars; Langeland, Nina

doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2003.08.013

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Rekand and coworkers have recently demonstrated isolation and analysis of poliovirus RNA from paraffinembedded specimens stored for 50 years at this department [24]. The value of historic material in viral studies is further substantiated by the recent characterization of the 1918 influenza virus isolated from frozen lung tissue found in an Alaskan graveyard [29,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

HPV subtypes in cervical cancer biopsies between 1930and 2004: detection using general primer pair PCR and sequencing

et al. 2006

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Our objective was to investigate the practicability of sequencing DNA from formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue stored for up to 75 years and to study human papillomavirus subtype distribution in cervical neoplasias between 1931 and 2004. Three protocols for DNA retrieval were tested, and magnetic bead DNA extraction proved advantageous, as it gave superior specimen purity and effortless sequencing. Successful sequencing was achieved in more than 70% of the specimens from 1931 to 1960. This technique was utilized in the study of papillomavirus subtypes using general primer pair PCR with sequencing of the products in a series of 97 cases of neoplastic and non-neoplastic cervical specimens from 1931 to 1960 and 73 similar cases from 1992 to 2004. HPV was detected in 61% of neoplastic specimens from 1931 to 1960, and in 89% of those from 1992 to 2004. In specimens from 1931 to 1934, only HPV type 16 was detected, whereas in the specimens from 1940 and up, other HPV subtypes were identified in one-third of the cases. The difference was significant and suggests an increase in papillomavirus subtype heterogeneity in Western Norway during 1930-2000. The results strongly support the feasibility of using DNA from paraffin-embedded specimens for studying cancer etiology and genotypes over extended time periods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

HPV subtypes in cervical cancer biopsies between 1930and 2004: detection using general primer pair PCR and sequencing

et al. 2006

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“…DNA and RNA were extracted by boiling either the entire homogenate (in the case of worker samples) or 5 μL of the supernatant (in the case of the pollen samples) in 145 μL of 10% Chelex solution, which is effective at isolating viral RNA, as well as the DNA of the other parasites (Rekand et al . ; Rudenko et al . ; Evison et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pollen samples (0Á6 g) were homogenized in TRIS buffer for 2 min with 0Á1 mm zirconia/silica beads in a Qiagen TissueLyser. DNA and RNA were extracted by boiling either the entire homogenate (in the case of worker samples) or 5 lL of the supernatant (in the case of the pollen samples) in 145 lL of 10% Chelex solution, which is effective at isolating viral RNA, as well as the DNA of the other parasites (Rekand et al 2003;Rudenko et al 2004;Evison et al 2012). For 34 of the colonies, we pooled DNA/RNA extracts from the 15 bees such that there was a single pooled sample of bee DNA/RNA per colony, while for the other 14 colonies we ran the 15 bees separately.…”

Section: O L O N Y S C R E E N I N Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Trojan hives: pollinator pathogens, imported and distributed in bumblebee colonies

Graystock

Yates

Evison

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Ecology

194

191

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Summary Over a million commercially produced bumblebee colonies are imported annually on a global scale for the pollination of greenhouse crops. After importation, they interact with other pollinators, with an associated risk of any parasites they carry infecting and harming native bees. National and supranational regulations are designed to prevent this, and commercially produced bumblebee colonies are accordingly now often sold and imported as being parasite‐free. Here, we used molecular methods to examine the occurrence of parasites in bumblebee colonies that were commercially produced in 2011 and 2012 by three producers. We then used controlled experiments to determine whether any parasites present were infectious. We found that 77% of the commercially produced bumblebee colonies from the three producers, which were imported on the basis of being free of parasites, in fact carried microbial parasites, with five different parasites being detected across the total sample of bumblebees and a further three in the pollen supplied with the colonies as food. Our controlled experiments demonstrated that at least three of these parasites were infectious to bumblebees with significant negative effects on their health. Furthermore, we also found that at least four of the parasites carried by commercially produced bumblebees were infectious to honeybees, indicating that they pose a risk to other pollinators as well. Synthesis and applications. The results demonstrate that commercially produced bumblebee colonies carry multiple, infectious parasites that pose a significant risk to other native and managed pollinators. More effective disease detection and management strategies are urgently needed to reduce the pathogen spillover threat from commercially produced bumblebees.

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“…Mutation hotspots were observed in the VP1 coding regions of the genomes but were not completely randomized; each nucleic acid also exhibited a different mutation probability. Some mutation hotspots are also associated with neurotoxicity (Rekand et al , 2003). For example, the mutation hotspot related to neurotoxicity is found at nt 2749 in type I poliovirus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinformatics analysis and genetic diversity of the poliovirus

Liu

et al. 2014

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Poliomyelitis, a disease which can manifest as muscle paralysis, is caused by the poliovirus, which is a human enterovirus and member of the family Picornaviridae that usually transmits by the faecal-oral route. The viruses of the OPV (oral poliovirus attenuated-live vaccine) strains can mutate in the human intestine during replication and some of these mutations can lead to the recovery of serious neurovirulence. Informatics research of the poliovirus genome can be used to explain further the characteristics of this virus. In this study, sequences from 100 poliovirus isolates were acquired from GenBank. To determine the evolutionary relationship between the strains, we compared and analysed the sequences of the complete poliovirus genome and the VP1 region. The reconstructed phylogenetic trees for the complete sequences and the VP1 sequences were both divided into two branches, indicating that the genetic relationships of the whole poliovirus genome and the VP1 sequences are very similar. This branching indicates that the virulence and pathogenicity of poliomyelitis may be associated with the VP1 region. Sequence alignment of the VP1 region revealed numerous mutation sites in which mutation rates of .30 % were detected. In a group of strains recorded in the USA, mutation sites and mutation types were the same and this may be associated with their distribution in the evolutionary tree and their genetic relationship. In conclusion, the genetic evolutionary relationships of poliovirus isolate sequences are determined to a great extent by the VP1 protein, and poliovirus strains located on the same branch of the phylogenetic tree contain the same mutation spots and mutation types. Hence, the genetic characteristics of the VP1 region in the poliovirus genome should be analysed to identify the transmission route of poliovirus and provide the basis of viral immunity development.

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Detection of viral sequences in archival spinal cords from fatal cases of poliomyelitis in 1951–1952

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

HPV subtypes in cervical cancer biopsies between 1930and 2004: detection using general primer pair PCR and sequencing

HPV subtypes in cervical cancer biopsies between 1930and 2004: detection using general primer pair PCR and sequencing

The Trojan hives: pollinator pathogens, imported and distributed in bumblebee colonies

Bioinformatics analysis and genetic diversity of the poliovirus

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