Detection of virulence and β-lactamase encoding genes in Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates from Brazil

Azevedo, Paola Aparecida Alves; Furlan, João Pedro Rueda; Silva, Mariana de Oliveira; Nakamura-Silva, Rafael; Gomes, Carolina Nogueira; Costa, Karen Regina Carim da; Stehling, Eliana Guedes; Pitondo-Silva, André

doi:10.1016/j.bjm.2018.04.009

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In the genus Enterobacter, some differences in pathogenicity could be noted between E. aerogenes and E. cloacae (149). Azevedo et al reported the presence of virulence-encoding genes in E. aerogenes that have been identified in Klebsiella pneumoniae (149).…”

Section: Clinical Aspects Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterobacter spp.: Update on Taxonomy, Clinical Aspects, and Emerging Antimicrobial Resistance

2019

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SUMMARY The genus Enterobacter is a member of the ESKAPE group, which contains the major resistant bacterial pathogens. First described in 1960, this group member has proven to be more complex as a result of the exponential evolution of phenotypic and genotypic methods. Today, 22 species belong to the Enterobacter genus. These species are described in the environment and have been reported as opportunistic pathogens in plants, animals, and humans. The pathogenicity/virulence of this bacterium remains rather unclear due to the limited amount of work performed to date in this field. In contrast, its resistance against antibacterial agents has been extensively studied. In the face of antibiotic treatment, it is able to manage different mechanisms of resistance via various local and global regulator genes and the modulation of the expression of different proteins, including enzymes (β-lactamases, etc.) or membrane transporters, such as porins and efflux pumps. During various hospital outbreaks, the Enterobacter aerogenes and E. cloacae complex exhibited a multidrug-resistant phenotype, which has stimulated questions about the role of cascade regulation in the emergence of these well-adapted clones.

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Section: Clinical Aspects Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterobacter spp.: Update on Taxonomy, Clinical Aspects, and Emerging Antimicrobial Resistance

2019

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“…Information on the genes associated to virulence is detailed especially for Klebsiella spp., where a number of genes associated to harmful traits were identified, such as those encoding adhesins, siderophores (e.g., enterobactin, aerobactin, yersiniabactin), protectines, or invasins (responsible for mucoid phenotype and invasiveness), and involved in allantoin metabolism [7,11]. For other NECE genera, such as Enterobacter, Cronobacter, and Citrobacter, the knowledge of the genetic determinants associated to virulence and invasiveness is less comprehensive and, with few exceptions (e.g., Citrobacter koseri), mainly acquired from better characterized pathogens [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistance, Virulence Factors, Phenotyping, and Genotyping of Non-Escherichia coli Enterobacterales from the Gut Microbiota of Healthy Subjects

Amaretti

Righini

Candeliere

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Non-Escherichia coli Enterobacterales (NECE) can colonize the human gut and may present virulence determinants and phenotypes that represent severe heath concerns. Most information is available for virulent NECE strains, isolated from patients with an ongoing infection, while the commensal NECE population of healthy subjects is understudied. In this study, 32 NECE strains were isolated from the feces of 20 healthy adults. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and mass spectrometry attributed the isolates to Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter kobei, Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter amalonaticus, Cronobacter sp., and Hafnia alvei, Morganella morganii, and Serratia liquefaciens. Multiplex PCR revealed that K. pneumoniae harbored virulence genes for adhesins (mrkD, ycfM, and kpn) and enterobactin (entB) and, in one case, also for yersiniabactin (ybtS, irp1, irp2, and fyuA). Virulence genes were less numerous in the other NECE species. Biofilm formation was spread across all the species, while curli and cellulose were mainly produced by Citrobacter and Enterobacter. Among the most common antibiotics, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was the sole against which resistance was observed, only Klebsiella strains being susceptible. The NECE inhabiting the intestine of healthy subjects have traits that may pose a health threat, taking into account the possibility of horizontal gene transfer.

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“…Macrocolony is well described and accepted as a biofilm model. Usually, studies evaluate macrocolonies’ structure and morphology, like the presence of wrinkle and ring patterns that are related with cellulose and curli fimbriae production, respectively [28,29,42,43,44,45,46]. As far as we know, Richer et al (2014) were the first to investigated different subpopulations/regions generated by macrocolony [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For macrocolonies’ growth, a volume of 3 uL of these cultures was spotted on LB agar plates supplemented with Congo Red (40 mg/L) and Coomassie Brilliant Blue (20 mg/L). The plates were incubated at 35 °C for 5 days [42,47].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrocolony of NDM-1 Producing Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. oharae Generates Subpopulations with Different Features Regarding the Response of Antimicrobial Agents and Biofilm Formation

et al. 2019

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Enterobacter cloacae complex has been increasingly recognized as a nosocomial pathogen representing the third major Enterobacteriaceae species involved with infections. This study aims to evaluate virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility of subpopulations generated from macrocolonies of NDM-1 producing Enterobacter hormaechei clinical isolates. Biofilm was quantified using crystal violet method and fimbrial genes were investigated by PCR. Susceptibility of antimicrobials, alone and combined, was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration and checkerboard assays, respectively. Virulence and efficacy of antimicrobials were evaluated in Galleria mellonella larvae. Importantly, we verified that some subpopulations that originate from the same macrocolony present different biofilm production ability and distinct susceptibility to meropenem due to the loss of blaNDM-1 encoding plasmid. A more in-depth study was performed with the 798 macrocolony subpopulations. Type 3 fimbriae were straightly related with biofilm production; however, virulence in larvae was not statistically different among subpopulations. Triple combination with meropenem–rifampicin–polymyxin B showed in vitro synergistic effect against all subpopulations; while in vivo this treatment showed different efficacy rates for 798-1S and 798-4S subpopulations. The ability of multidrug resistant E. hormaechei isolates in generating bacterial subpopulations presenting different susceptible and virulence mechanisms are worrisome and may explain why these infections are hardly overcome.

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Detection of virulence and β-lactamase encoding genes in Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates from Brazil

Cited by 31 publications

References 17 publications

Enterobacter spp.: Update on Taxonomy, Clinical Aspects, and Emerging Antimicrobial Resistance

Enterobacter spp.: Update on Taxonomy, Clinical Aspects, and Emerging Antimicrobial Resistance

Antibiotic Resistance, Virulence Factors, Phenotyping, and Genotyping of Non-Escherichia coli Enterobacterales from the Gut Microbiota of Healthy Subjects

Macrocolony of NDM-1 Producing Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. oharae Generates Subpopulations with Different Features Regarding the Response of Antimicrobial Agents and Biofilm Formation

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