Detection of virus in vertically exposed HIV-antibody-negative children

Newell, Marie‐Louise; Dunn, David; Maria, Andrea A. De; Ferrazin, Antonio; Rossi, Anita De; Giaquinto, Carlo; Levy, Jack S.; Alimenti, Ariane; Ehrnst, Anneka; Bohlin, Ann Britt; Ljung, Rolf; Peckham, C

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)90401-8

Cited by 64 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…To our knowledge, the lowest reported plasma viral load during seroconversion is more than 17 times higher than the highest viral load detected in our three patients (7). Although transient HIV infection has been reported in infants, it is unlikely in two of our patients because they had not recently been exposed to HIV (8,9). Other potential explanations of false-positive HIV-1 plasma viral load include laboratory error, crosscontamination, and mix-up of specimens.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Misdiagnosis of HIV Infection by HIV-1 Plasma Viral Load Testing: A Case Series

Rich

Merriman²,

Mylonakis³

et al. 1999

Ann Intern Med

106

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Misdiagnosis of HIV Infection by HIV-1 Plasma Viral Load Testing: A Case Series

Rich

Merriman²,

Mylonakis³

et al. 1999

Ann Intern Med

106

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“…This has been the case with vertically acquired HIV infection. In the mid-1990s there were several reports of children born to HIV infected women who had tested positive by virus culture or PCR on one or more occasions and then became HIVantibody negative [Roques et al, 1995;Newell et al, 1996]. These children were considered by some to have cleared the virus, and hopes were raised because of the potential implications of this finding for vaccine development.…”

Section: Quantitative Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter‐laboratory comparison of HCV‐RNA assay results: Implications for multi‐centre research

Pembrey

Newell

Tovo

et al. 2002

Journal of Medical Virology

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To investigate whether it is appropriate to assume comparability of hepatitis virus C (HCV)-RNA results across laboratories in multi-centre studies, nine laboratories of the European Paediatric HCV Network participated in an international proficiency study of HCV-RNA assays. A panel of 12 samples of different dilutions and genotypes was sent to each laboratory and tested with qualitative and/or quantitative HCV-RNA assays according to local procedures. Commercial assays were used in seven laboratories and in-house assays in two. All six laboratories in which a commercial qualitative assay was used were proficient, as were four of six runs (in five laboratories) in which a commercial quantitative assay was used. The proficiency of the laboratories where in-house assays were used could not be assessed according to the VQC definition because of differences in the methods used. Overall, there were several false-negative results, but only one false-positive result with a quantitative assay and none with a qualitative assay. The false-negative results may have implications for the diagnosis of infection, and highlight the need for an antibody test to be performed at 18 months to confirm the absence of infection. The results of qualitative assays were generally consistent across laboratories but it was difficult to evaluate and compare the results of quantitative assays. Multivariate analysis of data collected in multi-centre studies should therefore allow for centre and/or assay used.

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“…Reports of spontaneous HIV-1 clearance or transient HIV-1 infections have been published since 1988 (6,11,21). An infant with a transient infection is defined as an infant with one or more positive cultures or PCR assays for HIV-1 followed by a subsequent inability to detect the virus in specimens on multiple occasions, an infant who has undergone seroconversion, or both (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Infant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Detection Suitable for Resource-Limited Settings with Multiple Circulating Subtypes by Use of Nested Three-Monoplex DNA PCR and Dried Blood Spots

et al. 2008

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The early detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in infants is complicated by the persistence of maternal antibodies and by diverse HIV-1 subtypes. We developed a nested, three-monoplex HIV-1 DNA PCR (N3M-PCR) assay to detect diverse HIV-1 subtypes in infants born to infected mothers. We optimized the test for use with dried blood spot (DBS) samples for ease of storage and transport from rural China to central laboratories. Six pairs of primers were designed that targeted env, gag, and pol genes, and the test was run in three reactions with an analytical sensitivity of 10 copies DNA per reaction to cover nine HIV-1 subtypes, A, B, C, D, F, G, CRF01-AE, CRF08-BC, and CRF07-BC. The assay performance was evaluated on 347 DBS specimens from 151 exposed infants in four diverse provinces of China in which multiple subtypes were circulating. The results of this test were compared to those of HIV antibody enzyme immunoassay and Western blotting confirmation for the infants at >18 months of age or to convincing clinical and epidemiologic data for deceased infants. The sensitivity of the N3M-PCR assay was 30.0% (3/10) for infants at 48 h after birth, 91.7% (11/12) at 1 to 2 months of age, and 93.7% (15/16) at 3 to 6 months of age. The specificity was 100% (94/94) at all three time points. The PCR reproducibility in the three DNA regions was 100% for samples at 48 h after birth, 96.7% at 1 to 2 months, and 100% at 3 to 6 months of age. The HIV-1 DNA N3M-PCR assay on DBSs offers a simple and affordable approach for early infant HIV-1 diagnosis in regions with diverse HIV-1 circulating subtypes.

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Detection of virus in vertically exposed HIV-antibody-negative children

Cited by 64 publications

References 10 publications

Misdiagnosis of HIV Infection by HIV-1 Plasma Viral Load Testing: A Case Series

Misdiagnosis of HIV Infection by HIV-1 Plasma Viral Load Testing: A Case Series

Inter‐laboratory comparison of HCV‐RNA assay results: Implications for multi‐centre research

Early Infant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Detection Suitable for Resource-Limited Settings with Multiple Circulating Subtypes by Use of Nested Three-Monoplex DNA PCR and Dried Blood Spots

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