Detection of virus particles by electron microscopy with polyacrylamide hydrogel.

Whitby, H J; Rodgers, F G

doi:10.1136/jcp.33.5.484

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The spectrum of clinical signs exhibited by patients with acute gastroenteritis included acute watery diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and fever of various severity and in various combinations. All the specimens were investigated by EM [Whitby and Rodgers, 1980], latex agglutination for group A RV and AdV (Orion Diagnostica, Espoo, Finland), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for NoV (Nanogen Advanced Diagnostics, Turin, Italy) [Ando et al, 1995;Vinjé and Koopmans, 1996;Yuen et al, 2001;Medici et al, 2005], and cell culture, before storage in balanced salt solution as 10% suspensions at À708C until use. Cytopathogenic agents were identified by EM, neutralization tests using Lim Benyesh-Melnick antisera pools [Melnick et al, 1973;Melnick and Wimberly, 1985] and/or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.…”

Section: Patients and Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection and epidemiology of astrovirus, bocavirus, and sapovirus in Italian children admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis, 2008–2009

Medici

Tummolo

Albonetti

et al. 2012

Journal of Medical Virology

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Although a number of enteric viruses have been identified in children with acute gastroenteritis, the majority of cases of gastroenteritis remain undiagnosed. In order to provide more insights into the epidemiology of enteric viruses that are not included usually in routine diagnostic tests, cases of childhood sporadic gastroenteritis of unknown etiology requiring hospital admission in Parma, Italy, during 2008-2009, were screened for astrovirus (AstV), sapovirus (SaV), and bocavirus (BoV). The stools of 712 children, negative for rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, enterovirus, and reovirus, were examined by PCR or RT-PCR for AstV, BoV, and SaV. The prevalence of AstV, BoV, and SaV in the patients examined was 2.1%, 3.2%, 2.4%, respectively, with the viruses being detected mostly in children <3 years of age. AstV strains were characterized by sequencing as types 1, 2, and 4, with a AstV-1 peak occurring in the 2008 fall-winter season. BoV strains were characterized as types 1, 2, and 3, with BoV-3 circulating more frequently in the 2008 autumn and winter season and BoV-2 during March-April 2009. The most common SaVs were GI.2 and GII.1 while GIV and GV SaVs were detected sporadically. Overall, AstV, BoV, and SaV infections accounted for 7.7% of the sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis with unknown etiology selected for the study. Different virus types and lineages were found to circulate and temporal peaks of virus activity were also demonstrated, suggesting either small clusters of infections or small outbreaks or epidemics in local population.

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Section: Patients and Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection and epidemiology of astrovirus, bocavirus, and sapovirus in Italian children admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis, 2008–2009

Medici

Tummolo

Albonetti

et al. 2012

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Ten-percent stool suspensions in phosphate-buffered saline were submitted either to electron microscopy (EM) [Whitby and Rodgers, 1980] or conventional cell culture. Samples were stored at À208C until norovirus testing and/or further processing.…”

Section: Virological Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of norovirus infections in sporadic cases of viral gastroenteritis among children in Northern Italy

et al. 2006

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Surveillance of norovirus infections in sporadic cases of pediatric gastroenteritis admitted to a main hospital in Northern Italy during a full-year period (2002) showed that noroviruses (10.4%) were the second most common causative viral agent, following rotaviruses (21.1%), and noroviruses (81%) were mostly implicated in mixed infections. The epidemic period of norovirus was September-December, with September and November as months of major prevalence (33.3 and 38.5%, respectively). Six distinct norovirus genotypes were detected (GI.7, GII.1, GII.2, GII.4, GII.7, GII, not assigned named GIIb), and the predominant genotype was GII.4. A "new GII.4 2002 variant" accounted for 82.9% of total strains. Since the severity of norovirus symptoms does not usually require admission to hospital, the burden of norovirus disease in the general children population may be much higher than that suggested by the present hospital-based investigation.

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“…The sup ernatants were tested by commercia] Rotazyme EIA (Abbott L a b o r a t o r i e s ) ; in addition, formvar-carbon-coated 400 mesh grids for electron microsco~py were p r e p a r e d by the lyphogel m e t h o d (11) and examined for a m i n i m u m of 20 minutes in a Philips EM 300 ,electron microscope.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological survey on bacterial, viral and parasitic agents in patients affected by acute enteritis

et al. 1985

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During the period June 1983-May 1984, faecal specimens from 797 patients with acute enteritis were examined for the presence of bacterial, viral and parasitic agents; 209 (26.2%) enteritic pathogens were identified, of whom 118 (35.4%) in 333 samples from the pediatrics wards. Bacterial agents were detected in 122 (15.3%), viruses in 63 (7.9%) and parasites in 25 (3.1%) of the 797 specimens. LT-producing E. coli, Salmonella and Rotavirus were the most frequent pathogens. Bacterial agents occurred most frequently in the summer and autumnal months, whereas viruses showed two peaks, the first one in summer due to cultivable agents, the second in winter to Rotavirus mainly.

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Detection of virus particles by electron microscopy with polyacrylamide hydrogel.

Cited by 32 publications

References 8 publications

Molecular detection and epidemiology of astrovirus, bocavirus, and sapovirus in Italian children admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis, 2008–2009

Molecular detection and epidemiology of astrovirus, bocavirus, and sapovirus in Italian children admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis, 2008–2009

Molecular epidemiology of norovirus infections in sporadic cases of viral gastroenteritis among children in Northern Italy

Epidemiological survey on bacterial, viral and parasitic agents in patients affected by acute enteritis

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