Detection of viruses in large volumes of natural waters by concentration on insoluble polyelectrolytes

Virus rejection by the reverse osmosis-ultrafiltration processes

“…The discrepancies between these results and those reported by Wallis, et al (1969Wallis, et al ( , 1970 may be attribu ble to the relative ease or difficulty by which different viruses can be eluted…”

Rapid Concentration of Bacteriophages from Aquatic Habitats

“…distilled water. This procedure prevents virus adsorption to the filter (Wallis et al 1970). Calcium phosphate suspension (20 ml) in the form of a slurry of hydroxylapatite (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Bromley, Kent) was layered onto the filter and vacuum applied to produce a smooth bed.…”

Virus Rejection by the Reverse Osmosis - Ultrafiltration Processes

“…Although no data were presented, these authors indicated that echovirus, Type 7, and coxsackie viruses A9 and B3 were tested and were found to "adsorb to the polyelectrolyte" under the same conditions as poliovirus. Wallis, et al, (1970) reported that for the same poliovirus used in the previous study. 94 -99 percent of the seeded virus was recovered from tap water over a pH range of 5.0 to 8.4.…”