Detection of Volatile Constituents from Food Lures by Tephritid Fruit Flies

Abstract

Tephritid fruit flies require protein for sexual and gonotrophic development. Food-based lures are therefore widely used in strategies to detect and control fruit flies in the Tephritidae family. However, these baits are attractive to a broad range of insect species. We therefore sought to identify volatiles detected by the fly antennae, with the goal to compose lures that more specifically target tephritids. Using gas chromatography-coupled electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) we screened for antennal responses of four important tephritid species to volatile compounds from five commercially available protein-based baits. Antennal active compounds were reconstituted in synthetic blends for each species and used in behavioral assays. These species-based blends were attractive in olfactometer experiments, as was a blend composed of all antennally active compounds from all the four species we observed (tested only in Bactrocera dorsalis, Hendel). Pilot field tests indicate that the blends need to be further evaluated and optimized under field conditions.

Species diversity of different insect families trapped under beer-based volatile fermentation

“…These investigations are in accordance to the researchers who described higher Shannon index value ( P < 0.01) in their experiments [ 69 ]. Our investigations suggested significant (P < 0.05) soybean pest yielded high in Tephritidae during last week of August are in accordance to the researchers reported similar recommendations [ 70 ]. Margalef’s index recorded maximum in treated trap followed by control in 1st week of September.…”

Attraction and Electrophysiological Response to Identified Rectal Gland Volatiles in Bactrocera frauenfeldi (Schiner)

“…In order to identify electrophysiologically active components present in the emissions of each sex, we used gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection (GC-EAD) and gas chromatography-electropalpogram detection (GC-EPD) to test the responses of male and female antennae and maxillary palps to the emissions of male and female rectal glands. The rectal gland contents were tested for attraction of the opposite and same sex using y-maze olfactometers [49][50][51].…”

Optimizing Torula Bait for Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae) Trapping in the Dominican Republic

“…Although, this preservation property was suitable when used in combination with Captor + borax, it was not useful when combined with the yeast-based bait. Volatiles of food baits, such as 3-methyl-1-butanol, largely are a byproduct of microbial metabolic pathways for protein breakdown (Drew et al 1983;Davis et al 2013;Biasazin et al 2018). Ethyl hexanoate, 3-methylbutyl acetate, butyl acetate, and 3-methyl-1-butanol are volatiles commonly produced as a byproduct of different yeast fermentation process, including torula yeast (Biasazin et al 2018).…”

“…Volatiles of food baits, such as 3-methyl-1-butanol, largely are a byproduct of microbial metabolic pathways for protein breakdown (Drew et al 1983;Davis et al 2013;Biasazin et al 2018). Ethyl hexanoate, 3-methylbutyl acetate, butyl acetate, and 3-methyl-1-butanol are volatiles commonly produced as a byproduct of different yeast fermentation process, including torula yeast (Biasazin et al 2018). The production of these volatiles had been related to attraction of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), Bactrocera zonata (Saund) (Diptera: Tephritidae), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Tephritidae), Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), and Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) (Lee et al 1995;Scheider et al 2015;Biasazin et al 2018).…”